Therapeutic compounds

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and (IIb): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     which are useful in the treatment of a Retroviridae viral infection including an infection caused by the HIV virus.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. Ser. No. 15/680,041, filed Aug.17, 2017, which claims priority benefit to U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 62/377,312, filed on Aug. 19, 2016 and to U.S. ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 62/457,555, filed Feb. 10, 2017, the disclosures ofwhich are incorporated by reference in their entireties FIELD

The present disclosure relates to novel compounds for use in thetreatment of a Retroviridae viral infection including an infectioncaused by the HIV virus. The present disclosure also relates tointermediates for its preparation and to pharmaceutical compositionscontaining said novel compound.

BACKGROUND

Positive-single stranded RNA viruses comprising the Retroviridae familyinclude those of the subfamily Orthoretrovirinae and generaAlpharetrovirus, Betaretrovirus, Gammaretrovirus, Deltaretrovirus,Epsilonretrovirus, Lentivirus, and Spumavirus which cause many human andanimal diseases. Among the Lentivirus, HIV-1 infection in humans leadsto depletion of T helper cells and immune dysfunction, producingimmunodeficiency and vulnerability to opportunistic infections. TreatingHIV-1 infections with highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) hasproven to be effective at reducing viral load and significantly delayingdisease progression (Hammer, S. M., et al.; JAMA 2008, 300: 555-570).However, these treatments could lead to the emergence of HIV strainsthat are resistant to current therapies (Taiwo, B., InternationalJournal of Infectious Diseases 2009, 13:552-559; Smith, R. J., et al.,Science 2010, 327:697-701). Therefore, there is a pressing need todiscover new antiretroviral agents that are active against emergingdrug-resistant HIV variants.

U.S. Patent Publication No. 2014/0296266A1, published Oct. 2, 2014,discloses compounds useful for treating a Retroviridae viral infectionincluding an infection caused by the HIV virus. U.S. Patent Publication2014/0296266A1 relates to, among other things, compounds of Formula I:

wherein:

A is a 6-membered monocyclic-heteroaryl with one or two nitrogen atoms,wherein the 6-membered monocyclic-heteroaryl is substituted with one Z¹group at the position shown, one Z² group, and optionally substitutedwith one or more (e.g., 1 or 2) Z³ groups;

R¹ is 6-12 membered aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl or 3-12 memberedheterocycle, wherein any 6-12 membered aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl or3-12 membered heterocycle of R¹ is optionally substituted with one ormore (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z⁴ groups;

R² is phenyl, 5-membered monocyclic-heteroaryl, 6-memberedmonocyclic-heteroaryl or (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, wherein any phenyl,5-membered monocyclic-heteroaryl, 6-membered monocyclic-heteroaryl or(C₃-C₇)carbocycle of R² is optionally substituted with one or more(e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z⁵ groups;

each R^(3a) and R^(3b) is independently selected from H, halogen,(C₁-C₃)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)haloalkyl, or R^(3a) is selected from H,(C₁-C₃)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)haloalkyl and R^(3b) is selected from —OH and—CN;

Z¹ is selected from 6-12 membered aryl, 5-14 membered heteroaryl and3-14 membered heterocycle, wherein any 6-12 membered aryl, 5-14 memberedheteroaryl and 3-14 membered heterocycle of Z¹ is optionally substitutedwith one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1a) or Z^(1b);

each Z^(1a) is independently selected from (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 6-12membered aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl, 3-12 membered heterocycle,halogen, —CN, —OR^(n1), —OC(O)R^(p1), —OC(O)NR^(q1)R^(r1), —SR^(n1),—S(O)R^(p1), —S(O)₂OH, —S(O)₂R^(p1), —S(O)₂NR^(q1)R^(r1),—NR^(q1)R^(r1), —NR^(n1)COR^(p1), —NR^(n1)CO₂R^(p1),—NR^(n1)CONR^(q1)R^(r1), —NR^(n1)S(O)₂R^(p1), —NR^(n1)S(O)₂OR^(p1),—NR^(n1)S(O)₂NR^(q1)R^(r1), NO₂, —C(O)R^(n1), —C(O)OR^(n1),—C(O)NR^(q1)R^(r1) and —S(O)₂NR^(n1)COR^(p1), wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 6-12 membered aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl and 3-12membered heterocycle of Z^(1a) is optionally substituted with one ormore (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1c) or Z^(1d) groups;

each Z^(1b) is independently selected from (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyland (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, wherein any (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl and(C₂-C₈)alkynyl of Z^(1b) is optionally substituted with one or more(e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1c) groups;

each Z^(1c) is independently selected from (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, phenyl,5-6 membered monocyclic-heteroaryl, 3-7 membered heterocycle, halogen,—CN, —OR^(n2), —OC(O)R^(p2), —OC(O)NR^(q2)R^(r2), —SR^(n2), —S(O)R^(p2),—S(O)₂OH, —S(O)₂R^(p2), —S(O)₂NR^(q2)R^(r2), —NR^(q2)R^(r2),—NR^(n2)COR^(p2), —NR^(n2)CO₂R^(p2), —NR^(n2)CONR^(q2)R^(r2),—NR^(n2)S(O)₂R^(p2), —NR^(n2)S(O)₂OR^(p2), —NR^(n2)S(O₂NR^(q2)R^(r2),NO₂, —C(O)R^(n2), —C(O)OR^(n2), —C(O)NR^(q2)R^(r2), halophenyl, 5-6membered haloheteroaryl, 3-7 membered haloheterocycle and(C₁-C₈)heteroalkyl;

each Z^(1d) is independently selected from (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl,(C₂-C₈)alkynyl and (C₁-C₈)haloalkyl;

each R^(n1) is independently selected from H, (C₁-C₈)alkyl,(C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 memberedheterocycle, 5-6 membered monocyclic-heteroaryl and phenyl, wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 membered heterocycle, 5-6 memberedmonocyclic-heteroaryl and phenyl of R^(n1) is optionally substitutedwith one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1c) or Z^(1d) groups, andwherein any (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl and (C₂-C₈)alkynyl of R^(n1) isoptionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1c)groups;

each R^(p1) is independently selected from (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl,(C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 membered heterocycle, 5-6membered monocyclic-heteroaryl and phenyl, wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 membered heterocycle, 5-6 memberedmonocyclic-heteroaryl and phenyl of R^(p1) is optionally substitutedwith one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1c) or Z^(1d) groups, andwherein any (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl and (C₂-C₈)alkynyl of R^(p1) isoptionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1c)groups;

R^(q1) and R^(r1) are each independently selected from H, (C₁-C₈)alkyl,(C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 memberedheterocycle, 5-6 membered monocyclic-heteroaryl and phenyl, wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 membered heterocycle, 5-6 memberedmonocyclic-heteroaryl and phenyl of R^(q1) or R^(r1) is optionallysubstituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1c) or Z^(1d)groups, and wherein any (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl and (C₂-C₈)alkynylof R^(q1) or R^(r1) is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1,2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1c) groups, or R^(q1) and R^(r1) together with thenitrogen to which they are attached form a 5, 6 or 7-memberedheterocycle, wherein the 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle is optionallysubstituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(1c) or Z^(1d)groups;

each R^(n2) is independently selected from H, (C₁-C₈)alkyl,(C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 memberedheterocycle, 5-6 membered monocyclic-heteroaryl, phenyl, halophenyl, 5-6membered monocyclic-haloheteroaryl, 3-7 membered haloheterocycle,(C₁-C₈)haloalkyl and (C₁-C₈)heteroalkyl;

each R^(p2) is independently selected from (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl,(C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 membered heterocycle, 5-6membered monocyclic-heteroaryl, phenyl, halophenyl, 5-6 memberedmonocyclic-haloheteroaryl, 3-7 membered haloheterocycle,(C₁-C₈)haloalkyl and (C₁-C₈)heteroalkyl;

R^(q2) and R^(r2) are each independently selected from H, (C₁-C₈)alkyl,(C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 memberedheterocycle, 5-6 membered monocyclic-heteroaryl, phenyl, halophenyl, 5-6membered monocyclic-haloheteroaryl, 3-7 membered haloheterocycle,(C₁-C₈)haloalkyl and (C₁-C₈)heteroalkyl, or R^(q2) and R^(r2) togetherwith the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5, 6 or 7-memberedheterocycle;

Z² is selected from (C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, 6-12 membered aryl,5-12 membered C-linked-heteroaryl, 3-12 membered C-linked-heterocycle,—C(O)R^(n3) and —C(O)NR^(q3)R^(r3), wherein any 6-12 membered aryl, 5-12membered C-linked-heteroaryl and 3-12 membered C-linked-heterocycle ofZ² is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5)Z^(2b) or Z^(2c) groups, and wherein any (C₂-C₈)alkenyl and(C₂-C₈)alkynyl of Z² is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g.,1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) Z^(2c) groups;

each Z^(2a) is independently selected from (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 6-12membered aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl, 3-12 membered heterocycle,halogen, —CN, —OR^(n4), —OC(O)R^(P4), —OC(O)NR^(q4)R^(r4), —SR^(n4),—S(O)R^(p4), —S(O)₂OH, —S(O)₂R⁴, —S(O)₂NR^(q4)R^(r4), —NR^(q4)R^(r4),—NR^(n4)COR^(p4), —NR^(n4)CO₂R^(p4), —NR^(n4)CONR^(q4)R^(r4),—NR^(n4)S(O)₂R^(p4), —NR^(n4)S(O)₂OR^(p4), —NR^(n4)S(O)₂NR^(q4)R^(r4),NO₂, —C(O)R^(n4), —C(O)OR^(n4) and —C(O)NR^(q4)R^(r4), wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 6-12 membered aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl and 3-12membered heterocycle of Z^(2a) is optionally substituted with one ormore (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(2b) or Z^(2c) groups;

each Z^(2b) is independently selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl and (C₁-C₄)haloalkyl;

each Z^(2c) is independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OR^(n4),—OC(O)R^(P4), —OC(O)NR^(q4)R^(r4), —SR^(n4), —S(O)R^(p4), —S(O)₂OH,—S(O)₂R⁴, —S(O)₂NR^(q4)R^(r4), —NR^(q4)R^(r4), —NR^(n4)COR^(p4),—NR^(n4)CO₂R^(p4), —NR^(n4)CONR^(q4)R^(r4), —NR^(n4)S(O)₂R^(p4),—NR^(n4)S(O)₂OR^(p4), —NR^(n4)S(O)₂NR^(q4)R^(r4), NO₂, —C(O)R^(n4),—C(O)OR^(n4) and —C(O)NR^(q4)R^(r4);

each R^(n3) is independently selected from H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₂-C₄)alkenyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-12 membered heterocycle, 5-12membered heteroaryl and 6-12 membered aryl, wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-12 membered heterocycle, 5-12 membered heteroaryland 6-12 membered aryl of R^(n3) is optionally substituted with one ormore (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(2b) or Z^(2c) groups, and wherein any(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl and (C₂-C₄)alkynyl of R^(n3) is optionallysubstituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(2a) groups;

R^(q3) and R^(r3) are each independently selected from H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₂-C₄)alkenyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-12 membered heterocycle, 5-12membered heteroaryl and 6-12 membered aryl, wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-12 membered heterocycle, 5-12 membered heteroaryland 6-12 membered aryl of R^(q3) or R^(r3) is optionally substitutedwith one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(2b) or Z^(2c) groups, andwherein any (C₁-C₄)alkyl and (C₂-C₄)alkenyl of R^(q3) or R^(r3) isoptionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(2a)groups, or R^(q3) and R^(r3) together with the nitrogen to which theyare attached form a heterocycle or heteroaryl, wherein the heterocycleor heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3,4 or 5) Z^(2b) or Z^(2c) groups;

each R^(n4) is independently selected from H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₁-C₄)haloalkyl and (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl;

each R^(p4) is independently selected from (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl,(C₂-C₄)alkynyl, (C₁-C₄)haloalkyl and (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl;

R^(q4) and R^(r4) are each independently selected from H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₂-C₄)alkenyl, (C₂-C₄)alkynyl, (C₁-C₄)haloalkyl and (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl;

each Z³ is independently selected from halogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, —OH, —CN,(C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl and (C₁-C₄)haloalkyl;

each Z⁴ is independently selected from (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl,(C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, halogen, —CN, —OR^(n5), —OC(O)R^(p5),—OC(O)NR^(q5)R^(r5), —SR^(n5), —S(O)R^(p5), —S(O)₂OH, —S(O)₂R^(p5),—S(O)₂NR^(p5)R^(r5), —NR^(q5)R^(r5), —NR^(n5)COR^(p5),—NR^(n5)CO₂R^(p5), —NR^(n5)CONR^(q5)R^(r5), —NR^(n5)S(O)₂R^(p5),—NR^(n5)S(O)₂OR^(p5), —NR^(n5)S(O)₂NR^(q5)R^(r5), NO₂, —C(O)R^(n5),—C(O)OR^(n5) and —C(O)NR^(q5)R^(r5), wherein any (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, ofZ⁴ is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5)Z^(4a) or Z^(4b) groups, and wherein any (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyland (C₂-C₈)alkynyl of Z⁴ is optionally substituted with one or more(e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) Z^(4a) groups;

each Z^(4a) is independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OR^(n6),—OC(O)R^(p6), —OC(O)NR^(q6)R^(r5), —SR^(n6), —S(O)R^(p6), —S(O)₂OH,—S(O)₂R^(p6), —S(O)₂NR^(q6)R^(r6), —NR^(q6)R^(r6), —NR^(n6)COR^(p6),—NR^(n6)CO₂R^(p6), —NR^(n6)CONR^(q6)R^(r6), —NR^(n6)S(O)₂R^(p6),—NR^(n6)S(O)₂OR^(p6), —NR^(n6)S(O)₂NR^(q6)R^(r6), NO₂, —C(O)R^(n6),—C(O)OR^(n6) and —C(O)NR^(q6)R^(r6);

each Z^(4b) is independently selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl(C₂-C₄)alkynyl and (C₁-C₄)haloalkyl;

each R^(n5) is independently selected from H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₁-C₄)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl and (C₂-C₄)alkynyl;

each R^(p5) is independently selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₁-C₄)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl and (C₂-C₄)alkynyl;

R^(q5) and R^(r5) are each independently selected from H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₁-C₄)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl and (C₂-C₄)alkynyl;

each R^(n6) is independently selected from H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₁-C₄)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl and (C₂-C₄)alkynyl;

each R^(p6) is independently selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₁-C₄)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl and (C₂-C₄)alkynyl;

R^(q6) and R^(r6) are each independently selected from H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₁-C₄)haloalkyl, (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl and (C₂-C₄)alkynyl;

each Z⁵ is independently selected from (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halogen, —CN and—OR^(n7),

wherein any (C₁-C₆)alkyl of Z⁵ is optionally substituted with one ormore (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) halogen; and

each R^(n7) is independently selected from H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)haloalkyl and (C₃-C₇)carbocycle;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

U.S. Patent Publication No. 2014/0303164A1, published Oct. 9, 2014,discloses compounds useful for treating a Retroviridae viral infectionincluding an infection caused by the HIV virus. U.S. Patent Publication2014/0303164A1 relates to, among other things, compounds of FormulaIIId:

wherein

A¹ is CH, C—Z³, or nitrogen;

A² is CH or nitrogen;

R¹ is 6-12 membered aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl, or 3-12 memberedheterocycle, wherein any 6-12 membered aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl,or 3-12 membered heterocycle of R¹ is optionally substituted with 1, 2,3, 4 or 5 Z⁴ groups, wherein the Z⁴ groups are the same or different;

each R^(3a) and R^(3b) is independently H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

Z¹ is 6-12 membered aryl, 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or 3-14 memberedheterocycle, wherein any 6-12 membered aryl, 5-14 membered heteroaryl,or 3-14 membered heterocycle of Z¹ is optionally substituted with 1, 2,3, 4 or 5 Z^(1a) or Z^(1b), wherein the Z^(1a) and Z^(1b) groups are thesame or different;

each Z^(1a) is independently (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 5-12 memberedheteroaryl, 3-12 membered heterocycle, halogen, —CN, —OR^(n1),—OC(O)R^(p1), —OC(O)NR^(q1)R^(r1), —SR^(n1), —S(O)R^(p1), —S(O)₂OH,—S(O)₂R^(p1), —S(O)₂NR^(q1)R^(r1), —NR^(q1)R^(r1), —NR^(n1)COR^(p1),—NR^(n1)CO₂R^(p1), —NR^(n1)CONR^(q1)R^(r1), —NR^(n1)S(O)₂R^(p1),—NR^(n1)S(O)₂OR^(p1), —NR^(n1)S(O)₂NR^(q1)R^(r1), —C(O)R^(n1),—C(O)OR^(n1), —C(O)NR^(q1)R^(r1) and —S(O)₂NR^(n1)COR^(p1), wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 5-12 membered heteroaryl and 3-12 memberedheterocycle of Z^(1a) is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5Z^(1c) or Z^(1d) groups, wherein the Z^(1c) and Z^(1d) groups are thesame or different;

each Z^(1b) is independently (C₁-C₈)alkyl optionally substituted with 1,2, 3, 4 or 5 halogen, which are the same or different;

each Z^(1c) is independently halogen, —CN, —OH, —NH₂,—C(O)NR^(q2)R^(r2), or (C₁-C₈)heteroalkyl;

each Z^(1d) is independently (C₁-C₈)alkyl or (C₁-C₈)haloalkyl;

each R^(n1) is independently H, (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7membered heterocycle, or 5-6 membered monocyclic-heteroaryl, wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 membered heterocycle, or 5-6 memberedmonocyclic-heteroaryl of R^(n1) is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3,4 or 5 Z^(1c) or Z^(1d) groups, wherein the Z^(1c) and Z^(1d) groups arethe same or different, and wherein any (C₁-C₈)alkyl of R^(n1) isoptionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Z^(1c) groups, wherein theZ^(1c) groups are the same or different;

each R^(p1) is independently (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7membered heterocycle, or 5-6 membered monocyclic-heteroaryl, wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 membered heterocycle, or 5-6 memberedmonocyclic-heteroaryl of R^(p1) is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3,4 or 5 Z^(1c) or Z^(1d) groups, wherein the Z^(1c) and Z^(1d) groups arethe same or different, and wherein any (C₁-C₈)alkyl of R^(p1) isoptionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Z^(1c) groups, wherein theZ^(1c) groups are the same or different;

each R^(q1) and R^(r1) is independently H, (C₁-C₈)alkyl,(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 membered heterocycle, or 5-6 memberedmonocyclic-heteroaryl, wherein any (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, 3-7 memberedheterocycle, or 5-6 membered monocyclic-heteroaryl of R^(q1) or R^(r1)is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Z^(1c) or Z^(1d) groups,wherein the Z^(1c) and Z^(1d) groups are the same or different, andwherein any (C₁-C₈)alkyl of R^(q1) or R^(r1) is optionally substitutedwith 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Z^(1c) groups, wherein the Z^(1c) groups are thesame or different, or R^(q1) and R^(r1) together with the nitrogen towhich they are attached form a 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle, whereinthe 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocycle is optionally substituted with 1, 2,3, 4 or 5 Z^(1c) or Z^(1d) groups, wherein the Z^(1c) and Z^(1d) groupsare the same or different;

each R^(q2) and R^(r2) is independently H, (C₁-C₈)alkyl,(C₃-C₇)carbocycle, or R^(q2) and R^(r2) together with the nitrogen towhich they are attached form a 5, 6, or 7-membered heterocycle;

Z² is (C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, 6-12 membered aryl, 5-12 memberedC-linked-heteroaryl, 3-12 membered C-linked-heterocycle, —C(O)R^(n3), or—C(O)NR^(q3)R^(r3), wherein any 6-12 membered aryl, 5-12 memberedC-linked-heteroaryl, or 3-12 membered C-linked-heterocycle of Z² isoptionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Z^(2b) or Z^(2c) groups,wherein the Z^(2b) and Z^(2c) groups are the same or different, andwherein any (C₂-C₈)alkenyl or (C₂-C₈)alkynyl of Z² is optionallysubstituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Z^(2c) groups, wherein the Z^(2c)groups are the same or different;

each R^(n3) is independently H or (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

each R^(q3) and R³ is independently H or (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

each Z^(2b) is independently oxo, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl or(C₁-C₄)haloalkyl;

each Z^(2c) is independently oxo, halogen, —CN, —OR^(n4), —OC(O)R^(p4),—OC(O)NR^(q4)R^(r4), —SR^(n4), —S(O)R^(p4), —S(O)₂OH, —S(O)₂R^(p4),—S(O)₂NR^(q4)R^(r4), —NR^(q4)R^(r4), —NR^(n4)COR^(p4),—NR^(n4)CO₂R^(p4), —NR^(n4)CONR^(q4)R^(r4), —NR^(n4)S(O)₂R^(p4),—NR^(n4)S(O)₂OR^(p4), —NR^(n4)S(O)₂NR^(q4)R^(r4), —NO₂, —C(O)R^(n4),—C(O)OR^(n4), or —C(O)NR^(q4)R^(r4);

each R^(n4) is independently H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)haloalkyl, or(C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl;

each R^(p4) is independently (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)haloalkyl, or(C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl;

each R^(q4) and R^(r4) is independently H, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,(C₁-C₄)haloalkyl, or (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl;

each Z³ is independently a (C₁-C₄)heteroalkyl;

each Z⁴ is independently oxo, (C₁-C₈)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)carbocycle, halogen,—CN, —OR^(n5), —NR^(q5)R^(r5), —NR^(n5)COR^(p5), —NR^(n5)CO₂R^(p5),—C(O)R^(n5), —C(O)OR^(n5), or —C(O)NR^(q5)R^(r5), wherein any(C₃-C₇)carbocycle or (C₁-C₈)alkyl of Z⁴ is optionally substituted with1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 Z^(4a) groups, wherein the Z^(4a) groups are the same ordifferent;

each Z^(4a) is independently halogen, —CN, or —OR^(n6);

each R^(r5), R^(p5), R^(q5), R^(r5), and R^(n6) is independently H or(C₁-C₄)alkyl;

each Z⁵ is independently halogen, which may be same or different; and

n is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The above disclosures notwithstanding, there is a need for compoundsthat are potent and stable and exhibit improved pharmacokinetic and/orpharmacodynamic profiles for the treatment of a Retroviridae viralinfection including an infection caused by the HIV virus.

Also of interest in the area of HIV therapies and treatments isextending the pharmacokinetic property of regimens provided to patients.While current regimens for treating HIV have progressed enough thatpatients no longer have to take multiple pills multiple times a day,patients today still are required to take a pill every day for theforeseeable span of their life. Thus, it would be beneficial to have HIVtherapies that require patients take medication less than once a day(e.g. once every couple of days, once a week, once every other week,once a month, and so forth).

Provided herein are novel compounds exhibiting improved potency,improved metabolic stability, and improved pharmacokinetic and/orpharmacodynamic profiles.

SUMMARY

In some embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a compound offormula (Ia):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a compound offormula (Ib):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a compound offormula (IIa):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a compound offormula (IIb):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In one embodiment, the current disclosure relates to the use of acompound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in the treatment of a disease in a subject in need thereof.

In one embodiment, the current disclosure relates to the use of acompound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the treatment of a diseasein a subject in need thereof.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to apharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (Ia) or(Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In certain embodiments, thepharmaceutical composition is an injectable form. In certainembodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for oraladministration.

In some embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In certain embodiments, thepharmaceutical composition is a parenteral (e.g., injectable) form. Incertain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for oraladministration.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to an article ofmanufacture comprising a unit dosage of a compound of formula (Ia) or(Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the current disclosure relates to an article ofmanufacture comprising a unit dosage of a compound of formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a method fortreating or preventing an HIV infection in a subject in need thereof,comprising administering to the subject a compound of formula (Ia) or(Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a method fortreating or preventing an HIV infection in a subject in need thereof,comprising administering to the subject a compound of formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a method forpreventing an HIV infection in a subject, comprising administering tothe subject a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, the subject is at riskof contracting the HIV virus, such as a subject who has one or more riskfactors known to be associated with contracting the HIV virus.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a method forpreventing an HIV infection in a subject, comprising administering tothe subject a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, thesubject is at risk of contracting the HIV virus, such as a subject whohas one or more risk factors known to be associated with contracting theHIV virus.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a method fortreating or preventing an HIV infection in a subject in need thereof,comprising administering to the subject a compound of formula (Ia) or(Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination witha therapeutically effective amount of one or more additional therapeuticagents.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a method fortreating or preventing an HIV infection in a subject in need thereof,comprising administering to the subject a compound of formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of oneor more additional therapeutic agents.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a compound offormula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof foruse in medical therapy.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a compound offormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof for use in medical therapy.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a compound offormula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, foruse in treating or preventing an HIV infection in a subject.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to a compound offormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, for use in treating or preventing an HIVinfection in a subject.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to the use of acompound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventingan HIV infection in a subject.

In certain embodiments, the current disclosure relates to the use of acompound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of amedicament for treating or preventing an HIV infection in a subject.

In another embodiment, the current disclosure relates to intermediatesuseful for the synthesis of the compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib).

In another embodiment, the current disclosure relates to intermediatesuseful for the synthesis of the compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb).

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of thecompound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb) is the sodium salt.

Additional embodiments of the current disclosure are disclosed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows ¹H NMR of (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) ofN—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide.

FIG. 2 shows ¹H NMR of (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄)N—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide.

FIG. 3 shows the plasma concentration (nM) of Compound 38 after a singlesubcutaneous (SC) dose in rats.

FIG. 4 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of 200 mg/mL ofFormula Ib in 2% poloxamer 188 in saline when subcutaneously dosed indogs at 6 mg/kg.

FIG. 5 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of 100 mg/mL ofFormula Ib in 2% poloxamer 188 in saline when subcutaneously dosed indogs at 6 mg/kg.

FIG. 6 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of 200 mg/mL ofFormula Ib, sodium salt in 2% poloxamer 188 in saline whensubcutaneously dosed in dogs at 6 mg/kg.

FIG. 7 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of 100 mg/mL ofFormula Ib, free acid form in NMP when subcutaneously dosed in dogs at 6mg/kg.

FIG. 8 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of 200 mg/mL ofFormula Ib, free acid form in NMP when subcutaneously dosed in dogs at 6mg/kg.

FIG. 9 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of 200 mg/mL ofFormula Ib, sodium salt in NMP when subcutaneously dosed in subjects at6 mg/kg.

FIG. 10 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of 200 mg/mL ofFormula Ib in 10% ethanol, 12% water, and 78% PEG 200 when dosedsubcutaneously in subjects at 6 mg/kg.

FIG. 11 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of 200 mg/mL ofFormula Ib, in situ salt, in 10% ethanol, 12% water, and 77% PEG 200when dosed subcutaneously in subjects at 6 mg/kg.

FIG. 12 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of 200 mg/mL ofFormula Ib in 10% ethanol, 13% water, and 77% glycofurol, with 1.2mol-eq. NaOH to form in situ Na salt when dosed in subjects at 6 mg/kg.

FIG. 13 shows a plot of plasma concentration over time of a fixed 7.5 mgoral dose of Formula Ib in 10% ethanol, 20% Vitamin E TPGS, 70% MIGLYOL812 in dogs.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description below is made with the understanding that the presentdisclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the claimedsubject matter, and is not intended to limit the appended claims to thespecific embodiments illustrated. The headings used throughout thisdisclosure are provided for convenience and are not to be construed tolimit the claims in any way. Embodiments illustrated under any headingmay be combined with embodiments illustrated under any other heading.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art.

When trade names are used herein, it is intended to independentlyinclude the tradename product and the active pharmaceuticalingredient(s) of the tradename product.

As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a” and“an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearlydictates otherwise. Thus, e.g., reference to “the compound” includes aplurality of such compounds and reference to “the assay” includesreference to one or more assays, and so forth.

As used herein, the term “C_(max)” refers to the maximum observedplasma/serum concentration of drug.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to compounds, salts, compositions,dosage forms and other materials which are useful in preparing apharmaceutical composition that is suitable for veterinary or humanpharmaceutical use.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” includes without limitation anyadjuvant, carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent,preservative, dye/colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent,dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent,or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and DrugAdministration as being acceptable for use in humans or domesticanimals.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of a compound thatis pharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses (or can be convertedto a form that possesses) the desired pharmacological activity of theparent compound. Such salts include acid addition salts formed withinorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuricacid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organicacids such as acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid,camphorsulfonic acid, citric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid,glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malonicacid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid,oleic acid, palmitic acid, propionic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid,tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trimethylacetic acid, and thelike, and salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parentcompound is replaced by either a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion(e.g. a sodium or potassium), an alkaline earth ion (e.g. calcium ormagnesium), or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base suchas diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-methylglucamine and the like. Alsoincluded in this definition are ammonium and substituted or quaternizedammonium salts. Representative non-limiting lists of pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts can be found in S. M. Berge et al., J. Pharma Sci.,66(1), 1-19 (1977), and Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,R. Hendrickson, ed., 21st edition, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins,Philadelphia, Pa., (2005), at p. 732, Table 38-5, both of which arehereby incorporated by reference herein.

“Subject” and “subjects” refers to humans, domestic animals (e.g., dogsand cats), farm animals (e.g., cattle, horses, sheep, goats and pigs),laboratory animals (e.g., mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, pigs,rabbits, dogs, and monkeys), and the like.

As used herein, “treatment” or “treating” is an approach for obtainingbeneficial or desired results. For purposes of the present disclosure,beneficial or desired results include, but are not limited to,alleviation of a symptom and/or diminishment of the extent of a symptomand/or preventing a worsening of a symptom associated with a disease orcondition. In one embodiment, “treatment” or “treating” includes one ormore of the following: a) inhibiting the disease or condition (e.g.,decreasing one or more symptoms resulting from the disease or condition,and/or diminishing the extent of the disease or condition); b) slowingor arresting the development of one or more symptoms associated with thedisease or condition (e.g., stabilizing the disease or condition,delaying the worsening or progression of the disease or condition);and/or c) relieving the disease or condition, e.g., causing theregression of clinical symptoms, ameliorating the disease state,delaying the progression of the disease, increasing the quality of life,and/or prolonging survival.

As used herein, “delaying” development of a disease or condition meansto defer, hinder, slow, retard, stabilize and/or postpone development ofthe disease or condition. This delay can be of varying lengths of time,depending on the history of the disease and/or subject being treated. Asis evident to one skilled in the art, a sufficient or significant delaycan, in effect, encompass prevention, in that the subject does notdevelop the disease or condition. For example, a method that “delays”development of AIDS is a method that reduces the probability of diseasedevelopment in a given time frame and/or reduces extent of the diseasein a given time frame, when compared to not using the method. Suchcomparisons may be based on clinical studies, using a statisticallysignificant number of subjects. For example, the development of AIDS canbe detected using known methods, such as confirming a subject's HIV⁺status and assessing the subject's T-cell count or other indication ofAIDS development, such as extreme fatigue, weight loss, persistentdiarrhea, high fever, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin,or presence of an opportunistic condition that is known to be associatedwith AIDS (e.g., a condition that is generally not present in subjectswith functioning immune systems but does occur in AIDS patients).Development may also refer to disease progression that may be initiallyundetectable and includes occurrence, recurrence and onset.

As used herein, “prevention” or “preventing” refers to a regimen thatprotects against the onset of the disease or disorder such that theclinical symptoms of the disease do not develop. Thus, “prevention”relates to administration of a therapy (e.g., administration of atherapeutic substance) to a subject before signs of the disease aredetectable in the subject (e.g., administration of a therapeuticsubstance to a subject in the absence of detectable infectious agent(e.g., virus) in the subject). The subject may be an individual at riskof developing the disease or disorder, such as an individual who has oneor more risk factors known to be associated with development or onset ofthe disease or disorder. Thus, the term “preventing HIV infection”refers to administering to a subject who does not have a detectable HIVinfection an anti-HIV therapeutic substance. It is understood that thesubject for anti-HIV preventative therapy may be an individual at riskof contracting the HIV virus. Further, it is understood that preventionmay not result in complete protection against onset of the disease ordisorder. In some instances, prevention includes reducing the risk ofdeveloping the disease or disorder. The reduction of the risk may notresult in complete elimination of the risk of developing the disease ordisorder.

As used herein, an “at risk” individual is an individual who is at riskof developing a condition to be treated. An individual “at risk” may ormay not have detectable disease or condition, and may or may not havedisplayed detectable disease prior to the treatment of methods describedherein. “At risk” denotes that an individual has one or more so-calledrisk factors, which are measurable parameters that correlate withdevelopment of a disease or condition and are known in the art. Anindividual having one or more of these risk factors has a higherprobability of developing the disease or condition than an individualwithout these risk factor(s). For example, individuals at risk for AIDSare those having HIV.

As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” or“effective amount” refers to an amount that is effective to elicit thedesired biological or medical response, including the amount of acompound that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease, issufficient to effect such treatment for the disease or to an amount thatis effective to protect against the contracting or onset of a disease.The effective amount will vary depending on the compound, the disease,and its severity and the age, weight, etc., of the subject to betreated. The effective amount can include a range of amounts. As isunderstood in the art, an effective amount may be in one or more doses,i.e., a single dose or multiple doses may be required to achieve thedesired treatment outcome. An effective amount may be considered in thecontext of administering one or more therapeutic agents, and a singleagent may be considered to be given in an effective amount if, inconjunction with one or more other agents, a desirable or beneficialresult may be or is achieved. Suitable doses of any co-administeredcompounds may optionally be lowered due to the combined action (e.g.,additive or synergistic effects) of the compounds.

“Enantiomers” are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposablemirror images of each other. A 1:1 mixture of a pair of enantiomers is a“racemic” mixture. A mixture of enantiomers at a ratio other than 1:1 isa “scalemic” mixture.

“Diastereoisomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetricatoms, but which are not mirror-images of each other.

The absolute stereochemistry is specified according to theCahn-Ingold-Prelog R-S system. When a compound is a pure enantiomer thestereochemistry at each chiral carbon may be specified by either R or S.Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is unknown can bedesignated (+) or (−) depending on the direction (dextro- orlevorotatory) which they rotate plane polarized light at the wavelengthof the sodium D line. Certain of the compounds described herein containone or more asymmetric centers and/or hindered rotation about a bondaxis and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and otherstereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolutestereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)-. The present disclosure is meant toinclude all such possible isomers, including racemic mixtures, scalemicmixtures, diastereomeric mixtures, optically pure forms and intermediatemixtures. Optically active (R)- and (S)-isomers may be prepared usingchiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventionaltechniques.

Except as expressly defined otherwise, the present disclosure includesall tautomers of compounds detailed herein, even if only one tautomer isexpressly represented (e.g., both tautomeric forms are intended anddescribed by the presentation of one tautomeric form where a pair of twotautomers may exist). For example, if reference is made to a compoundcontaining an amide (e.g., by structure or chemical name), it isunderstood that the corresponding imidic acid tautomer is included bythis disclosure and described the same as if the amide were expresslyrecited either alone or together with the imidic acid. Where more thantwo tautomers may exist, the present disclosure includes all suchtautomers even if only a single tautomeric form is depicted by chemicalname and/or structure.

The present disclosure also provides for prodrugs of the compound ofFormula (Ia) or (Ib). A “prodrug” is defined in the pharmaceutical fieldas a biologically inactive derivative of a drug that upon administrationto the human body is converted to the biologically active parent drugaccording to some chemical or enzymatic pathway.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the present disclosure also providesfor prodrugs of the compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb).

It is understood by one skilled in the art that this disclosure alsoincludes any compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia)or (Ib)) that may be enriched at any or all atoms above naturallyoccurring isotopic ratios with one or more isotopes such as, but notlimited to, deuterium (²H or D).

Disclosed are also compounds in which from 1 to n hydrogen atomsattached to a carbon atom may be replaced by a deuterium atom or D, inwhich n is the number of hydrogen atoms in the molecule. As known in theart, the deuterium atom is a non-radioactive isotope of the hydrogenatom. Such compounds may increase resistance to metabolism, and thus maybe useful for increasing the half-life of the compounds whenadministered to a mammal. See, e.g., Foster, “Deuterium Isotope Effectsin Studies of Drug Metabolism”, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 5(12):524-527(1984). Such compounds are synthesized by means well known in the art,for example by employing starting materials in which one or morehydrogen atoms have been replaced by deuterium.

Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosedcompounds also include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen,phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³C,¹⁴C, ¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, ³⁶Cl, ¹²³I, and ¹²⁵I,respectively. Substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as ¹¹C,¹⁸F, ¹⁵O and ¹³N, can be useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET)studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy. Isotopically-labeledcompounds of Formula (Ia) or (Ib), can generally be prepared byconventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or byprocesses analogous to those described in the Examples as set out belowusing an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of thenon-labeled reagent previously employed.

Additionally, in some embodiments, isotopically-labeled compounds ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), can generally be prepared byconventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or byprocesses analogous to those described in the Examples as set out belowusing an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of thenon-labeled reagent previously employed.

Compounds described herein may have chiral centers and/or geometricisomeric centers (E- and Z-isomers), and it is to be understood that allsuch optical, enantiomeric, diastereoisomeric and geometric isomers areencompassed. Where compounds are represented in their chiral form, it isunderstood that the embodiment encompasses, but is not limited to, thespecific diastereomerically or enantiomerically enriched form. Wherechirality is not specified but is present, it is understood that theembodiment is directed to either the specific diastereomerically orenantiomerically enriched form; or a racemic or scalemic mixture of suchcompound(s). As used herein, “scalemic mixture” is a mixture ofstereoisomers at a ratio other than 1:1.

Also provided are also pharmaceutically acceptable hydrates, solvates,tautomeric forms, polymorphs, and prodrugs of the compounds describedherein.

In a preferred embodiment, the current disclosure relates to the use ofthe compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) in treating a Retroviridae viralinfection including an infection caused by the HIV virus comprisingadministering a therapeutically effective amount to a subject in needthereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the current disclosure relates to the use ofthe compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb) in treating aRetroviridae viral infection including an infection caused by the HIVvirus comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount to asubject in need thereof.

It is a desirable goal to discover a compound or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof having a low EC₅₀. The EC₅₀ value refers to theconcentration of a compound in an assay that achieves 50% of the maximumefficacy. A compound with a lower EC₅₀ achieves similar efficacy withlower compound concentration relative to a compound with a higher EC₅₀.Thus, a lower EC₅₀ is generally preferred for drug development.

It is a desirable goal to discover a compound or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof that has good physical and/or chemicalstability. An increase in overall stability of a compound can provide anincrease in circulation time in the body. With less degradation, astable compound can be administered in lower doses and still maintainefficacy. Also, with less degradation, there is less concern aboutby-products from degradation of a compound.

It is a desirable goal to discover a compound or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof that has improved pharmacokinetic and/orpharmacodynamic profiles and long half-life. It is advantageous for adrug to have a moderate or low clearance and a long half-life, as thiscan lead to a good bioavailability and high exposure in systemicexposure. Reducing the clearance and increasing half-life time of acompound could reduce the daily dose required for efficacy and thereforegive a better efficacy and safety profile. Thus, improvedpharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profiles and long half-life canprovide for better patient compliance.

It is a desirable goal to discover a compound or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof that has good pharmacokinetic profile from aslow release injectable formulation. It is advantageous for a drug tohave a low EC₅₀ and long acting pharmacokinetics, as this can lead tolow frequency of administration. Reducing the frequency ofadministration can provide for better patient compliance. Reducing thefrequency of administration can be desirable for patients with difficultor limited access to health care.

Advantageously, discovered is a compound of formula (Ia) and (Ib) hereinthat provides advantages compared to structurally close compounds(herein designated as compounds A and B) disclosed in U.S. PatentPublication Nos. 2014/0296266A1 and 2014/0303164A1:

Therefore, the present disclosure includes but is not limited to theprovision of a compound of formula (Ia)

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of using thecompound of formula (Ia) for the treatment of a Retroviridae viralinfection including an infection caused by the HIV virus.

Therefore, the present disclosure includes but is not limited to theprovision of a compound of formula (Ib)

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of using thecompound of formula (Ib) for the treatment of a Retroviridae viralinfection including an infection caused by the HIV virus.

Also disclosed herein is a compound of formula (IIa) and (Ib), whichprovides advantages compared to Compounds A and B (shown above).

Therefore, the present disclosure includes but is not limited to theprovision of a compound of formula (IIa)

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of using thecompound of formula (IIa) for the treatment of a Retroviridae viralinfection including an infection caused by the HIV virus.

Therefore, the present disclosure includes but is not limited to theprovision of a compound of formula (IIb)

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of using thecompound of formula (IIb) for the treatment of a Retroviridae viralinfection including an infection caused by the HIV virus.

In some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein (e.g., a compound offormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof) are used for preventing an HIV infection in a subject. Insome embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein are used for preventingan HIV infection in a subject at risk for infection. In someembodiments, the compounds disclosed herein are used for pre-exposureprophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1.

It is believed that the compounds disclosed herein (e.g., a compound offormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof) are active against major HIV-1 mutants selectedby clinical Protease Inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptaseinhibitors (NRTIs), Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors(NNRTIs), and Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs).

Combination Therapy

In certain embodiments, a method for treating or preventing an HIVinfection in a human having or at risk of having the infection isprovided, comprising administering to the human a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound offormula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, incombination with a therapeutically effective amount of one or more(e.g., one, two, three, or four; or one or two; or one to three; or oneto four) additional therapeutic agents. In one embodiment, a method fortreating an HIV infection in a human having or at risk of having theinfection is provided, comprising administering to the human atherapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein (e.g. acompound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of oneor more (e.g., one, two, three, or four; or one or two; or one to three;or one to four) additional therapeutic agents.

In some embodiments, a method for treating or preventing an HIVinfection in a human having or at risk of having the infection isprovided, comprising administering to the human a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound offormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, in combination with a therapeutically effectiveamount of one or more (e.g., one, two, three, or four; or one or two; orone to three; or one to four) additional therapeutic agents. In oneembodiment, a method for treating an HIV infection in a human having orat risk of having the infection is provided, comprising administering tothe human a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosedherein (e.g., a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with atherapeutically effective amount of one or more (e.g., one, two, three,or four; or one or two; or one to three; or one to four) additionaltherapeutic agents.

In one embodiment, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one ormore (e.g., one, two, three, or four; or one or two; or one to three; orone to four) additional therapeutic agents, and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient are provided.

In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combinationwith one or more (e.g., one, two, three, or four; or one or two; or oneto three; or one to four) additional therapeutic agents, and apharmaceutically acceptable excipient are provided.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method fortreating an HIV infection, comprising administering to a subject in needthereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosedherein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, in combination with a therapeutically effectiveamount of one or more additional therapeutic agents which are suitablefor treating an HIV infection.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method fortreating an HIV infection, comprising administering to a subject in needthereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosedherein (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with atherapeutically effective amount of one or more additional therapeuticagents which are suitable for treating an HIV infection.

In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method fortreating an HIV infection, comprising administering to a subject in needthereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosedherein (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, iscombined with one, two, three, four, or more additional therapeuticagents. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. acompound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, is combined with one additional therapeutic agent. In certainembodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula(Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, iscombined with two additional therapeutic agents. In other embodiments, acompound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with threeadditional therapeutic agents. In further embodiments, a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with fouradditional therapeutic agents. The one, two, three, four, or moreadditional therapeutic agents can be different therapeutic agentsselected from the same class of therapeutic agents, and/or they can beselected from different classes of therapeutic agents.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with one, two, three, four, or moreadditional therapeutic agents. In certain embodiments, a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined withone additional therapeutic agent. In certain embodiments, a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined withtwo additional therapeutic agents. In other embodiments, a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined withthree additional therapeutic agents. In further embodiments, a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined withfour additional therapeutic agents. The one, two, three, four, or moreadditional therapeutic agents can be different therapeutic agentsselected from the same class of therapeutic agents, and/or they can beselected from different classes of therapeutic agents.

Administration of HIV Combination Therapy

In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound offormula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, isadministered with one or more additional therapeutic agents.Co-administration of a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,with one or more additional therapeutic agents generally refers tosimultaneous or sequential administration of a compound disclosed herein(e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)) and one or more additionaltherapeutic agents, such that therapeutically effective amounts of thecompound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the one or moreadditional therapeutic agents are both present in the body of thesubject. When administered sequentially, the combination may beadministered in two or more administrations.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound offormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is administered with one or more additionaltherapeutic agents. Co-administration of a compound disclosed herein(e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with one or more additionaltherapeutic agents generally refers to simultaneous or sequentialadministration of a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)) and one or more additionaltherapeutic agents, such that therapeutically effective amounts of thecompound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and theone or more additional therapeutic agents are both present in the bodyof the subject. When administered sequentially, the combination may beadministered in two or more administrations.

Co-administration includes administration of unit dosages of thecompounds disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), orpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, before or afteradministration of unit dosages of one or more additional therapeuticagents. For example, the compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,may be administered within seconds, minutes, or hours of theadministration of the one or more additional therapeutic agents. In someembodiments, a unit dose of a compound disclosed herein (e.g., acompound of formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, is administered first, followed within seconds or minutes byadministration of a unit dose of one or more additional therapeuticagents. Alternatively, a unit dose of one or more additional therapeuticagents is administered first, followed by administration of a unit doseof a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib))within seconds or minutes. In other embodiments, a unit dose of acompound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)) isadministered first, followed, after a period of hours (e.g., 1-12hours), by administration of a unit dose of one or more additionaltherapeutic agents. In yet other embodiments, a unit dose of one or moreadditional therapeutic agents is administered first, followed, after aperiod of hours (e.g., 1-12 hours), by administration of a unit dose ofa compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)).

In some embodiments, co-administration includes administration of unitdosages of the compounds disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula(Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof, before or after administration of unit dosages of one or moreadditional therapeutic agents. For example, the compound disclosedherein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be administered withinseconds, minutes, or hours of the administration of the one or moreadditional therapeutic agents. In some embodiments, a unit dose of acompound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, isadministered first, followed within seconds or minutes by administrationof a unit dose of one or more additional therapeutic agents.Alternatively, a unit dose of one or more additional therapeutic agentsis administered first, followed by administration of a unit dose of acompound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb)) within seconds or minutes. In other embodiments, a unitdose of a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)) is administered first, followed, after aperiod of hours (e.g., 1-12 hours), by administration of a unit dose ofone or more additional therapeutic agents. In yet other embodiments, aunit dose of one or more additional therapeutic agents is administeredfirst, followed, after a period of hours (e.g., 1-12 hours), byadministration of a unit dose of a compound disclosed herein (e.g. acompound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)).

For the avoidance of doubt, co-administration of a compound disclosedherein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with one or more additionaltherapeutic agents, may refer to co-administration with one or more ofthe therapeutic agents described herein, e.g. for example those agentslisted in paragraphs [00111] to [00162].

In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, iscombined with one or more additional therapeutic agents in a unitarydosage form for simultaneous administration to a subject. In certainembodiments, such a unitary dosage form can be administered by any routeappropriate to the condition to be treated. Suitable routes includeoral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual),transdermal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous,intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), andthe like. In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed can be dosedparenterally. In certain embodiments, the unitary dosage form can bedosed intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular. In certainembodiments, the unitary dosage form is orally bioavailable and can bedosed orally. In certain embodiments, the unitary dosage form can be asolid dosage form for oral administration.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with one or more additionaltherapeutic agents in a unitary dosage form for simultaneousadministration to a subject. In certain embodiments, such a unitarydosage form can be administered by any route appropriate to thecondition to be treated. Suitable routes include oral, rectal, nasal,topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, vaginal andparenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous,intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), and the like. In certainembodiments, the compounds disclosed can be dosed parenterally. Incertain embodiments, the unitary dosage form can be dosed intravenous,subcutaneous, or intramuscular. In certain embodiments, the unitarydosage form is orally bioavailable and can be dosed orally. In certainembodiments, the unitary dosage form can be a solid dosage form for oraladministration.

The compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), in combination with oneor more additional therapeutic agents can be administered by any routeappropriate to the condition to be treated. Suitable routes includeoral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual),transdermal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous,intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), andthe like. In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed can be dosedparenterally. In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed can bedosed intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular. In certainembodiments, the compounds disclosed are orally bioavailable and can bedosed orally.

The compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), incombination with one or more additional therapeutic agents can beadministered by any route appropriate to the condition to be treated.Suitable routes include oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccaland sublingual), transdermal, vaginal and parenteral (includingsubcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal andepidural), and the like. In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosedcan be dosed parenterally. In certain embodiments, the compoundsdisclosed can be dosed intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular. Incertain embodiments, the compounds disclosed are orally bioavailable andcan be dosed orally.

In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is formulated as a tablet,which may optionally contain one or more other compounds useful fortreating HIV. In certain embodiments, the tablet can one or more othercompounds useful for treating HIV, such as HIV protease inhibitors, HIVnon-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase,HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIVintegrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (or allosteric) integraseinhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, and combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is formulated as atablet, which may optionally contain one or more other compounds usefulfor treating HIV. In certain embodiments, the tablet can one or moreother compounds useful for treating HIV, such as HIV proteaseinhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (orallosteric) integrase inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, andcombinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is formulated as asolution formulation, which may optionally contain one or more othercompounds useful for treating HIV. In certain embodiments, the tabletcan one or more other compounds useful for treating HIV, such as HIVprotease inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site(or allosteric) integrase inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, andcombinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is formulated as asuspension, which may optionally contain one or more other compoundsuseful for treating HIV. In certain embodiments, the tablet can one ormore other compounds useful for treating HIV, such as HIV proteaseinhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (orallosteric) integrase inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, andcombinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, such tablets are suitable for once daily dosing.

HIV Combination Therapy

In the above embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent may be ananti-HIV agent selected from the group consisting of combination drugsfor treating HIV, other drugs for treating HIV, HIV protease inhibitors,HIV non-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (orallosteric) integrase inhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors, HIV maturationinhibitors, latency reversing agents, compounds that target the HIVcapsid, immune-based therapies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)inhibitors, HIV antibodies, bispecific antibodies and “antibody-like”therapeutic proteins, HIV p17 matrix protein inhibitors, IL-13antagonists, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A modulators, proteindisulfide isomerase inhibitors, complement C5a receptor antagonists, DNAmethyltransferase inhibitor, HIV vif gene modulators, Vif dimerizationantagonists, HIV-1 viral infectivity factor inhibitors, TAT proteininhibitors, HIV-1 Nef modulators, Hck tyrosine kinase modulators, mixedlineage kinase-3 (MLK-3) inhibitors, HIV-1 splicing inhibitors, Revprotein inhibitors, integrin antagonists, nucleoprotein inhibitors,splicing factor modulators, COMM domain containing protein 1 modulators,HIV ribonuclease H inhibitors, retrocyclin modulators, CDK-9 inhibitors,dendritic ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin 1 inhibitors, HIV GAG proteininhibitors, HIV POL protein inhibitors, Complement Factor H modulators,ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, deoxycytidine kinase inhibitors, cyclindependent kinase inhibitors, proprotein convertase PC9 stimulators, ATPdependent RNA helicase DDX3X inhibitors, reverse transcriptase primingcomplex inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, pharmacokineticenhancers, HIV gene therapy, HIV vaccines, and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected fromthe group consisting of combination drugs for HIV, other drugs fortreating HIV, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV reverse transcriptaseinhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (orallosteric) integrase inhibitors, HIV entry (fusion) inhibitors, HIVmaturation inhibitors, latency reversing agents, capsid inhibitors,immune-based therapies, PI3K inhibitors, HIV antibodies, and bispecificantibodies, and “antibody-like” therapeutic proteins, and combinationsthereof.

HIV Combination Drugs

Examples of combination drugs include ATRIPLA® (efavirenz, tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate, and emtricitabine); COMPLERA® (EVIPLERA®;rilpivirine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and emtricitabine);STRIBILD® (elvitegravir, cobicistat, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, andemtricitabine); TRUVADA® (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate andemtricitabine; TDF+FTC); DESCOVY® (tenofovir alafenamide andemtricitabine); ODEFSEY® (tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine, andrilpivirine); GENVOYA® (tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine,cobicistat, and elvitegravir); darunavir, tenofovir alafenamidehemifumarate, emtricitabine, and cobicistat; efavirenz, lamivudine, andtenofovir disoproxil fumarate; lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxilfumarate; tenofovir and lamivudine; tenofovir alafenamide andemtricitabine; tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate and emtricitabine;tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, emtricitabine, and rilpivirine;tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, emtricitabine, cobicistat, andelvitegravir; COMBIVIR® (zidovudine and lamivudine; AZT+3TC); EPZICOM®(LIVEXA®; abacavir sulfate and lamivudine; ABC+3TC); KALETRA® (ALUVIA®;lopinavir and ritonavir); TRIUMEQ® (dolutegravir, abacavir, andlamivudine); TRIZIVIR® (abacavir sulfate, zidovudine, and lamivudine;ABC+AZT+3TC); atazanavir and cobicistat; atazanavir sulfate andcobicistat; atazanavir sulfate and ritonavir; darunavir and cobicistat;dolutegravir and rilpivirine; dolutegravir and rilpivirinehydrochloride; cabotegravir and rilpivirine; cabotegravir andrilpivirine hydrochloride; dolutegravir, abacavir sulfate, andlamivudine; lamivudine, nevirapine, and zidovudine; raltegravir andlamivudine; doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate;doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil;dolutegravir+lamivudine; lamivudine+abacavir+zidovudine;lamivudine+abacavir; lamivudine+tenofovir disoproxil fumarate;lamivudine+zidovudine+nevirapine; lopinavir+ritonavir;lopinavir+ritonavir+abacavir+lamivudine;lopinavir+ritonavir+zidovudine+lamivudine; tenofovir+lamivudine; andtenofovir disoproxil fumarate+emtricitabine+rilpivirine hydrochloride;lopinavir, ritonavir, zidovudine and lamivudine; Vacc-4x and romidepsin;and APH-0812.

Other HIV Drugs

Examples of other drugs for treating HIV include acemannan, alisporivir,BanLec, deferiprone, Gamimune, metenkefalin, naltrexone, Prolastin, REP9, RPI-MN, VSSP, Hlviral, SB-728-T, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid,rHIV7-shl-TAR-CCR5RZ, AAV-eCD4-Ig gene therapy, MazF gene therapy,BlockAide, ABX-464, AG-1105, APH-0812, BIT-225, CYT-107, HGTV-43,HPH-116, HS-10234, IMO-3100, IND-02, MK-1376, MK-8507, MK-8591, NOV-205,PA-1050040 (PA-040), PGN-007, SCY-635, SB-9200, SCB-719, TR-452,TEV-90110, TEV-90112, TEV-90111, TEV-90113, RN-18, Immuglo, and VIR-576.

HIV Protease Inhibitors

Examples of HIV protease inhibitors include amprenavir, atazanavir,brecanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, fosamprenavir calcium, indinavir,indinavir sulfate, lopinavir, nelfinavir, nelfinavir mesylate,ritonavir, saquinavir, saquinavir mesylate, tipranavir, DG-17, TMB-657(PPL-100), T-169, BL-008, and TMC-310911.

HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Examples of HIV non-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase include dapivirine, delavirdine, delavirdine mesylate,doravirine, efavirenz, etravirine, lentinan, nevirapine, rilpivirine,AIC-292, KM-023, and VM-1500. Further examples of non-nucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitors are disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No.US2016/0250215.

Examples of HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase include adefovir, adefovir dipivoxil, azvudine,emtricitabine, tenofovir, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir alafenamidefumarate, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, tenofovir disoproxil,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, VIDEX®and VIDEX EC® (didanosine, ddl), abacavir, abacavir sulfate, alovudine,apricitabine, censavudine, didanosine, elvucitabine, festinavir,fosalvudine tidoxil, CMX-157, dapivirine, doravirine, etravirine,OCR-5753, tenofovir disoproxil orotate, fozivudine tidoxil, lamivudine,phosphazid, stavudine, zalcitabine, zidovudine, GS-9131, GS-9148, andKP-1461.

In some embodiments, examples of HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitorsof reverse transcriptase include adefovir, adefovir dipivoxil, azvudine,emtricitabine, tenofovir, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir alafenamidefumarate, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, tenofovir disoproxil,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, VIDEX®and VIDEX EC® (didanosine, ddl), abacavir, abacavir sulfate, alovudine,apricitabine, censavudine, didanosine, elvucitabine, festinavir,fosalvudine tidoxil, CMX-157, dapivirine, doravirine, etravirine,OCR-5753, tenofovir disoproxil orotate, fozivudine tidoxil, lamivudine,phosphazid, stavudine, zalcitabine, zidovudine, GS-9131, GS-9148,KP-1461, and 4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA).

HIV Integrase Inhibitors

Examples of HIV integrase inhibitors include elvitegravir, curcumin,derivatives of curcumin, chicoric acid, derivatives of chicoric acid,3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, derivatives of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid,aurintricarboxylic acid, derivatives of aurintricarboxylic acid, caffeicacid phenethyl ester, derivatives of caffeic acid phenethyl ester,tyrphostin, derivatives of tyrphostin, quercetin, derivatives ofquercetin, raltegravir, dolutegravir, JTK-351, bictegravir, AVX-15567,diketo quinolin-4-1 derivatives, integrase-LEDGF inhibitor, ledgins,M-522, M-532, NSC-310217, NSC-371056, NSC-48240, NSC-642710, NSC-699171,NSC-699172, NSC-699173, NSC-699174, stilbenedisulfonic acid, T-169 andcabotegravir.

Examples of HIV non-catalytic site, or allosteric, integrase inhibitors(NCINI) include CX-05045, CX-05168, and CX-14442.

HIV Entry Inhibitors

Examples of HIV entry (fusion) inhibitors include cenicriviroc, CCR5inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CD4 attachment inhibitors, gp120inhibitors, and CXCR4 inhibitors.

Examples of CCR5 inhibitors include aplaviroc, vicriviroc, maraviroc,cenicriviroc, PRO-140, adaptavir (RAP-101), nifeviroc (TD-0232),anti-GP120/CD4 or CCR5 bispecific antibodies, B-07, MB-66, polypeptideC25P, TD-0680, and vMIP (Haimipu).

Examples of gp41 inhibitors include albuvirtide, enfuvirtide,BMS-986197, enfuvirtide biobetter, enfuvirtide biosimilar, HIV-1 fusioninhibitors (P26-Bapc), ITV-1, ITV-2, ITV-3, ITV-4, PIE-12 trimer andsifuvirtide.

Examples of CD4 attachment inhibitors include ibalizumab and CADAanalogs

Examples of gp120 inhibitors include Radha-108 (receptol) 3B3-PE38,BanLec, bentonite-based nanomedicine, fostemsavir tromethamine,IQP-0831, and BMS-663068

Examples of CXCR4 inhibitors include plerixafor, ALT-1188, N15 peptide,and vMIP (Haimipu).

HIV Maturation Inhibitors

Examples of HIV maturation inhibitors include BMS-955176 andGSK-2838232.

Latency Reversing Agents

Examples of latency reversing agents include histone deacetylase (HDAC)inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors such as velcade, protein kinase C(PKC) activators, BET-bromodomain 4 (BRD4) inhibitors, ionomycin, PMA,SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid, or suberoyl, anilide, and hydroxamicacid), IL-15, JQ1, disulfram, amphotericin B, and ubiquitin inhibitorssuch as largazole analogs, and GSK-343.

Examples of HDAC inhibitors include romidepsin, vorinostat, andpanobinostat.

Examples of PKC activators include indolactam, prostratin, ingenol B,and DAG-lactones.

Capsid Inhibitors

Examples of capsid inhibitors include capsid polymerization inhibitorsor capsid disrupting compounds, HIV nucleocapsid p7 (NCp7) inhibitorssuch as azodicarbonamide, HIV p24 capsid protein inhibitors, AVI-621,AVI-101, AVI-201, AVI-301, and AVI-CAN1-15 series;

Immune-Based Therapies

Examples of immune-based therapies include toll-like receptorsmodulators such as tlr1, tlr2, tlr3, tlr4, tlr5, tlr6, tlr7, tlr8, tlr9,tlr10, tlr11, tlr12, and tlr13; programmed cell death protein 1 (Pd-1)modulators; programmed death-ligand 1 (Pd-L1) modulators; IL-15agonists; DermaVir; interleukin-7; plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine);proleukin (aldesleukin, IL-2); interferon alfa; interferon alfa-2b;interferon alfa-n3; pegylated interferon alfa; interferon gamma;hydroxyurea; mycophenolate mofetil (MPA) and its ester derivativemycophenolate mofetil (MMF); ribavirin; rintatolimod, polymerpolyethyleneimine (PEI); gepon; rintatolimod; IL-12; WF-10; VGV-1;MOR-22; BMS-936559; CYT-107, interleukin-15/Fc fusion protein,normferon, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, recombinantinterleukin-15, RPI-MN, GS-9620, and IR-103.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) Inhibitors

Examples of PI3K inhibitors include idelalisib, alpelisib, buparlisib,CAI orotate, copanlisib, duvelisib, gedatolisib, neratinib, panulisib,perifosine, pictilisib, pilaralisib, puquitinib mesylate, rigosertib,rigosertib sodium, sonolisib, taselisib, AMG-319, AZD-8186, BAY-1082439,CLR-1401, CLR-457, CUDC-907, DS-7423, EN-3342, GSK-2126458, GSK-2269577,GSK-2636771, INCB-040093, LY-3023414, MLN-1117, PQR-309, RG-7666,RP-6530, RV-1729, SAR-245409, SAR-260301, SF-1126, TGR-1202, UCB-5857,VS-5584, XL-765, and ZSTK-474.

HIV Antibodies, Bispecific Antibodies, and “Antibody-Like” TherapeuticProteins

Examples of HIV antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and “antibody-like”therapeutic proteins include DARTs®, DUOBODIES®, BITES®, XmAbs®,TandAbs®, Fab derivatives, bnABs (broadly neutralizing HIV-1antibodies), BMS-936559, TMB-360, and those targeting HIV gp120 or gp41,antibody-Recruiting Molecules targeting HIV, anti-CD63 monoclonalantibodies, anti-GB virus C antibodies, anti-GP120/CD4, CCR5 bispecificantibodies, anti-nef single domain antibodies, anti-Rev antibody,camelid derived anti-CD18 antibodies, camelid-derived anti-ICAM-1antibodies, DCVax-001, gp140 targeted antibodies, gp41-based HIVtherapeutic antibodies, human recombinant mAbs (PGT-121), ibalizumab,Immuglo, MB-66

Examples of those targeting HIV in such a manner include bavituximab,UB-421, C2F5, C2G12, C4E10, C2F5+C2G12+C4E10, 3-BNC-117, PGT145, PGT121,MDX010 (ipilimumab), VRC01, A32, 7B2, 10E8, VRC-07-523,VRC-HIVMAB080-00-AB, MGD-014 and VRC07.

Pharmacokinetic Enhancers

Examples of pharmacokinetic enhancers include cobicistat and ritonavir.

Additional Therapeutic Agents

Examples of additional therapeutic agents include the compoundsdisclosed in WO 2004/096286 (Gilead Sciences), WO 2006/015261 (GileadSciences), WO 2006/110157 (Gilead Sciences), WO 2012/003497 (GileadSciences), WO 2012/003498 (Gilead Sciences), WO 2012/145728 (GileadSciences), WO 2013/006738 (Gilead Sciences), WO 2013/159064 (GileadSciences), WO 2014/100323 (Gilead Sciences), US 2013/0165489 (Universityof Pennsylvania), US 2014/0221378 (Japan Tobacco), US 2014/0221380(Japan Tobacco), WO 2009/062285 (Boehringer Ingelheim), WO 2010/130034(Boehringer Ingelheim), WO 2013/006792 (Pharma Resources), US20140221356 (Gilead Sciences), US 20100143301 (Gilead Sciences) and WO2013/091096 (Boehringer Ingelheim).

HIV Vaccines

Examples of HIV vaccines include peptide vaccines, recombinant subunitprotein vaccines, live vector vaccines, DNA vaccines, CD4-derivedpeptide vaccines, vaccine combinations, rgp120 (AIDSVAX), ALVAC HIV(vCP1521)/AIDSVAX B/E (gp120) (RV144), monomeric gp120 HIV-1 subtype Cvaccine, Remune, ITV-1, Contre Vir, Ad5-ENVA-48, DCVax-001 (CDX-2401),Vacc-4x, Vacc-C5, VAC-3S, multiclade DNA recombinant adenovirus-5(rAd5), Pennvax-G, Pennvax-GP, HIV-TriMix-mRNA vaccine, HIV-LAMP-vax,Ad35, Ad35-GRIN, NAcGM3/VSSP ISA-51, poly-ICLC adjuvanted vaccines,TatImmune, GTU-multiHIV (FIT-06), gp140[delta]V2.TV1+MF-59, rVSVIN HIV-1gag vaccine, SeV-Gag vaccine, AT-20, DNK-4, ad35-Grin/ENV, TBC-M4,HIVAX, HIVAX-2, NYVAC-HIV-PT1, NYVAC-HIV-PT4, DNA-HIV-PT123,rAAV1-PG9DP, GOVX-B 11, GOVX-B21, TVI-HIV-1, Ad-4 (Ad4-env CladeC+Ad4-mGag), EN41-UGR7C, EN41-FPA2, PreVaxTat, AE-H, MYM-V101,CombiHIVvac, ADVAX, MYM-V201, MVA-CMDR, DNA-Ad5 gag/pol/nef/nev(HVTN505), MVATG-17401, ETV-01, CDX-1401, rcAD26.MOS 1.HIV-Env,Ad26.Mod.HIV vaccine, AGS-004, AVX-101, AVX-201, PEP-6409, SAV-001,ThV-01, TL-01, TUTI-16, VGX-3300, IHV-001, and virus-like particlevaccines such as pseudovirion vaccine, CombiVICHvac, LFn-p24 B/C fusionvaccine, GTU-based DNA vaccine, HIV gag/pol/nef/env DNA vaccine,anti-TAT HIV vaccine, conjugate polypeptides vaccine, dendritic-cellvaccines, gag-based DNA vaccine, GI-2010, gp41 HIV-1 vaccine, HIVvaccine (PIKA adjuvant), I i-key/MHC class II epitope hybrid peptidevaccines, ITV-2, ITV-3, ITV-4, LIPO-5, multiclade Env vaccine, MVAvaccine, Pennvax-GP, pp71-deficient HCMV vector HIV gag vaccine,recombinant peptide vaccine (HIV infection), NCI, rgp160 HIV vaccine,RNActive HIV vaccine, SCB-703, Tat Oyi vaccine, TBC-M4, therapeutic HIVvaccine, UBI HIV gp120, Vacc-4x+romidepsin, variant gp120 polypeptidevaccine, rAd5 gag-pol env A/B/C vaccine.

HIV Combination Therapy

In a particular embodiment, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compoundof Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,is combined with one, two, three, four or more additional therapeuticagents selected from ATRIPLA® (efavirenz, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate,and emtricitabine); COMPLERA® (EVIPLERA®; rilpivirine, tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate, and emtricitabine); STRIBILD® (elvitegravir,cobicistat, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and emtricitabine); TRUVADA®(tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine; TDF+FTC); DESCOVY®(tenofovir alafenamide and emtricitabine); ODEFSEY® (tenofoviralafenamide, emtricitabine, and rilpivirine); GENVOYA® (tenofoviralafenamide, emtricitabine, cobicistat, and elvitegravir); adefovir;adefovir dipivoxil; cobicistat; emtricitabine; tenofovir; tenofovirdisoproxil; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; tenofovir alafenamide;tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate; TRIUMEQ® (dolutegravir, abacavir,and lamivudine); dolutegravir, abacavir sulfate, and lamivudine;raltegravir; raltegravir and lamivudine; maraviroc; enfuvirtide; ALUVIA®(KALETRA®; lopinavir and ritonavir); COMBIVIR® (zidovudine andlamivudine; AZT+3TC); EPZICOM® (LIVEXA®; abacavir sulfate andlamivudine; ABC+3TC); TRIZIVIR® (abacavir sulfate, zidovudine, andlamivudine; ABC+AZT+3TC); rilpivirine; rilpivirine hydrochloride;atazanavir sulfate and cobicistat; atazanavir and cobicistat; darunavirand cobicistat; atazanavir; atazanavir sulfate; dolutegravir;elvitegravir; ritonavir; atazanavir sulfate and ritonavir; darunavir;lamivudine; prolastin; fosamprenavir; fosamprenavir calcium efavirenz;etravirine; nelfinavir; nelfinavir mesylate; interferon; didanosine;stavudine; indinavir; indinavir sulfate; tenofovir and lamivudine;zidovudine; nevirapine; saquinavir; saquinavir mesylate; aldesleukin;zalcitabine; tipranavir; amprenavir; delavirdine; delavirdine mesylate;Radha-108 (receptol); lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate;efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; phosphazid;lamivudine, nevirapine, and zidovudine; abacavir; and abacavir sulfate.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with one, two, three, four or moreadditional therapeutic agents selected from ATRIPLA® (efavirenz,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and emtricitabine); COMPLERA® (EVIPLERA®;rilpivirine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and emtricitabine);STRIBILD® (elvitegravir, cobicistat, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, andemtricitabine); TRUVADA® (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate andemtricitabine; TDF+FTC); DESCOVY® (tenofovir alafenamide andemtricitabine); ODEFSEY® (tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine, andrilpivirine); GENVOYA® (tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine,cobicistat, and elvitegravir); adefovir; adefovir dipivoxil; cobicistat;emtricitabine; tenofovir; tenofovir disoproxil; tenofovir disoproxilfumarate; tenofovir alafenamide; tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate;TRIUMEQ® (dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine); dolutegravir,abacavir sulfate, and lamivudine; raltegravir; raltegravir andlamivudine; maraviroc; enfuvirtide; ALUVIA® (KALETRA®; lopinavir andritonavir); COMBIVIR® (zidovudine and lamivudine; AZT+3TC); EPZICOM®(LIVEXA®; abacavir sulfate and lamivudine; ABC+3TC); TRIZIVIR® (abacavirsulfate, zidovudine, and lamivudine; ABC+AZT+3TC); rilpivirine;rilpivirine hydrochloride; atazanavir sulfate and cobicistat; atazanavirand cobicistat; darunavir and cobicistat; atazanavir; atazanavirsulfate; dolutegravir; elvitegravir; ritonavir; atazanavir sulfate andritonavir; darunavir; lamivudine; prolastin; fosamprenavir;fosamprenavir calcium efavirenz; etravirine; nelfinavir; nelfinavirmesylate; interferon; didanosine; stavudine; indinavir; indinavirsulfate; tenofovir and lamivudine; zidovudine; nevirapine; saquinavir;saquinavir mesylate; aldesleukin; zalcitabine; tipranavir; amprenavir;delavirdine; delavirdine mesylate; Radha-108 (receptol); lamivudine andtenofovir disoproxil fumarate; efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate; phosphazid; lamivudine, nevirapine, and zidovudine;abacavir; abacavir sulfate; 4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine(EFdA); and Bictegravir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

It will be appreciated by one of skill in the art that the additionaltherapeutic agents listed above may be included in more than one of theclasses listed above. The particular classes are not intended to limitthe functionality of those compounds listed in those classes.

In a specific embodiment, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compoundof Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,is combined with one or two HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase. In a specific embodiment, a compound disclosedherein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with an HIV nucleoside ornucleotide inhibitor of reverse transcriptase and an HIV non-nucleosideinhibitor of reverse transcriptase. In another specific embodiment, acompound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with an HIVnucleoside or nucleotide inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, and an HIVprotease inhibiting compound. In an additional embodiment, a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with an HIVnucleoside or nucleotide inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, an HIVnon-nucleoside inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, and a pharmacokineticenhancer. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. acompound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, is combined with at least one HIV nucleoside inhibitor ofreverse transcriptase, an integrase inhibitor, and a pharmacokineticenhancer. In another embodiment, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. acompound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, is combined with two HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with one or two HIV nucleoside ornucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase. In a specificembodiment, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula(Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, is combined with an HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitor ofreverse transcriptase and an HIV non-nucleoside inhibitor of reversetranscriptase. In another specific embodiment, a compound disclosedherein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with an HIVnucleoside or nucleotide inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, and an HIVprotease inhibiting compound. In an additional embodiment, a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined withan HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, anHIV non-nucleoside inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, and apharmacokinetic enhancer. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosedherein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with at leastone HIV nucleoside inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, an integraseinhibitor, and a pharmacokinetic enhancer. In another embodiment, acompound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, iscombined with two HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase.

In a particular embodiment, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compoundof Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,is combined with abacavir sulfate, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate,tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofoviralafenamide hemifumarate.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with abacavir sulfate, tenofovir,tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovirdisoproxil hemifumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir alafenamidefumarate, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, bictegravir (or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), or4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA).

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with a HIV integrase inhibitor.

In a particular embodiment, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compoundof Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,is combined with tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir disoproxilfumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate ortenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with tenofovir, tenofovirdisoproxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide,tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate,bictegravir (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), or4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA).

In a particular embodiment, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compoundof Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,is combined with a first additional therapeutic agent selected from thegroup consisting of abacavir sulfate, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil,tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofoviralafenamide fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, and asecond additional therapeutic agent selected from the group consistingof emtricitabine and lamivudine.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with a first additional therapeuticagent selected from the group consisting of abacavir sulfate, tenofovir,tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofoviralafenamide, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and tenofovir alafenamidehemifumarate, and a second additional therapeutic agent selected fromthe group consisting of emtricitabine and lamivudine.

In a particular embodiment, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compoundof Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,is combined with a first additional therapeutic agent selected from thegroup consisting of tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, and tenofovir alafenamidehemifumarate, and a second additional therapeutic agent, wherein thesecond additional therapeutic agent is emtricitabine. In a particularembodiment, a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with a first additional therapeuticagent selected from the group consisting of tenofovir alafenamidefumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, and tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate,and a second additional therapeutic agent, wherein the second additionaltherapeutic agent is emtricitabine. In a particular embodiment, acompound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, is combined with a first additional therapeutic agent selectedfrom the group consisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovirdisoproxil, and tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, and a secondadditional therapeutic agent, wherein the second additional therapeuticagent is emtricitabine. In some embodiments, the compound of formula(Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and thefirst and second additional therapeutic agents as disclosed above areadministered simultaneously. Optionally, the compound of formula (Ia) or(Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the first andsecond additional therapeutic agents as disclosed above are combined ina unitary dosage form for simultaneous administration to a subject. Inother embodiments, the compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the first and secondadditional therapeutic agents as disclosed above are administeredsequentially.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with a first additional therapeuticagent selected from the group consisting of tenofovir, tenofovirdisoproxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, andtenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, and a second additional therapeuticagent, wherein the second additional therapeutic agent is emtricitabine.In a particular embodiment, a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combinedwith a first additional therapeutic agent selected from the groupconsisting of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, andtenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, and a second additional therapeuticagent, wherein the second additional therapeutic agent is emtricitabine.In a particular embodiment, a compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combinedwith a first additional therapeutic agent selected from the groupconsisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir disoproxil, andtenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, and a second additional therapeuticagent, wherein the second additional therapeutic agent is emtricitabine.In some embodiments, the compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the first andsecond additional therapeutic agents as disclosed above are administeredsimultaneously. Optionally, the compound of formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and thefirst and second additional therapeutic agents as disclosed above arecombined in a unitary dosage form for simultaneous administration to asubject. In other embodiments, the compound of formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, andthe first and second additional therapeutic agents as disclosed aboveare administered sequentially.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with bictegravir or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A compound as disclosed herein (e.g., any compound of formula (Ia) or(Ib)) may be combined with one or more additional therapeutic agents inany dosage amount of the compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) (e.g., from 1mg to 1000 mg of compound).

In some embodiments, a compound as disclosed herein (e.g., any compoundof Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof) may be combined with one or more additionaltherapeutic agents in any dosage amount of the compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb) (e.g., from 1 mg to 1000 mg of compound).

In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, iscombined with 5-30 mg tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, tenofoviralafenamide hemifumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide, and 200 mgemtricitabine. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g.a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, is combined with 5-10, 5-15, 5-20, 5-25, 25-30, 20-30,15-30, or 10-30 mg tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, tenofovir alafenamidehemifumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide, and 200 mg emtricitabine. Incertain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, iscombined with 10 mg tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, tenofoviralafenamide hemifumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide, and 200 mgemtricitabine. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with 25 mgtenofovir alafenamide fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, ortenofovir alafenamide, and 200 mg emtricitabine. A compound as disclosedherein (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)) may be combined withthe agents provided herein in any dosage amount of the compound (e.g.,from 1 mg to 1000 mg of compound) the same as if each combination ofdosages were specifically and individually listed.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with 5-30 mg tenofovir alafenamidefumarate, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide,and 200 mg emtricitabine. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosedherein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with 5-10, 5-15,5-20, 5-25, 25-30, 20-30, 15-30, or 10-30 mg tenofovir alafenamidefumarate, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide,and 200 mg emtricitabine. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosedherein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with 10 mgtenofovir alafenamide fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, ortenofovir alafenamide, and 200 mg emtricitabine. In certain embodiments,a compound disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, is combined with 25 mg tenofovir alafenamide fumarate,tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, or tenofovir alafenamide, and 200 mgemtricitabine. A compound as disclosed herein (e.g., a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)) may be combined with the agentsprovided herein in any dosage amount of the compound (e.g., from 1 mg to1000 mg of compound) the same as if each combination of dosages werespecifically and individually listed.

In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, iscombined with 200-400 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovirdisoproxil hemifumarate, or tenofovir disoproxil, and 200 mgemtricitabine. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g.a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, is combined with 200-250, 200-300, 200-350, 250-350,250-400, 350-400, 300-400, or 250-400 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate,tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, or tenofovir disoproxil, and 200 mgemtricitabine. In certain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g.a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, is combined with 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate,tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, or tenofovir disoproxil, and 200 mgemtricitabine. A compound as disclosed herein (e.g., a compound ofFormula (Ia) or (Ib)) may be combined with the agents provided herein inany dosage amount of the compound (e.g., from 1 mg to 1000 mg ofcompound) the same as if each combination of dosages were specificallyand individually listed.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with 200-400 mg tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate, tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, or tenofovirdisoproxil, and 200 mg emtricitabine. In certain embodiments, a compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is combined with200-250, 200-300, 200-350, 250-350, 250-400, 350-400, 300-400, or250-400 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir disoproxilhemifumarate, or tenofovir disoproxil, and 200 mg emtricitabine. Incertain embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with 300 mg tenofovir disoproxilfumarate, tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, or tenofovir disoproxil,and 200 mg emtricitabine. A compound as disclosed herein (e.g., acompound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)) may be combinedwith the agents provided herein in any dosage amount of the compound(e.g., from 1 mg to 1000 mg of compound) the same as if each combinationof dosages were specifically and individually listed.

In some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein (e.g. a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is combined with 20-80 mg of bictegravir or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A compound as disclosed herein(e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) may be combined with theagents provided herein in any dosage amount of the compound (e.g., from1 mg to 1000 mg of compound) the same as if each combination of dosageswere specifically and individually listed.

In one embodiment, kits comprising a compound disclosed herein (e.g., acompound of formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in combination with one or more (e.g., one, two, three, one ortwo, or one to three) additional therapeutic agents are provided.

In some embodiments, kits comprising a compound disclosed herein (e.g.,a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one ormore (e.g., one, two, three, one or two, or one to three) additionaltherapeutic agents are provided.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

Pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein comprise a compounddisclosed herein (e.g., a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable excipients and optionally other therapeuticagents. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the active ingredient maybe in any form suitable for the intended method of administration.

In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions disclosed hereincomprise a compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptableexcipients and optionally other therapeutic agents. Pharmaceuticalcompositions containing the active ingredient may be in any formsuitable for the intended method of administration.

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compound disclosed herein(e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia) or (Ib)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, may be prepared with conventional carriers(e.g., inactive ingredient or excipient material) which may be selectedin accord with ordinary practice. Tablets may contain excipientsincluding glidants, fillers, binders and the like. Aqueous compositionsmay be prepared in sterile form, and when intended for delivery by otherthan oral administration generally may be isotonic. All compositions mayoptionally contain excipients such as those set forth in the Rowe et al,Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 5^(th) edition, AmericanPharmacists Association, 1986. Excipients can include ascorbic acid andother antioxidants, chelating agents such as EDTA, carbohydrates such asdextrin, hydroxyalkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylmethylcellulose, stearicacid and the like.

In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounddisclosed herein (e.g. a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be preparedwith conventional carriers (e.g., inactive ingredient or excipientmaterial) which may be selected in accord with ordinary practice.Tablets may contain excipients including glidants, fillers, binders andthe like. Aqueous compositions may be prepared in sterile form, and whenintended for delivery by other than oral administration generally may beisotonic. All compositions may optionally contain excipients such asthose set forth in the Rowe et al, Handbook of PharmaceuticalExcipients, 5^(th) edition, American Pharmacists Association, 1986. Forexample, excipients can include ascorbic acid and other antioxidants,chelating agents such as EDTA, carbohydrates such as dextrin,hydroxyalkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylmethylcellulose, stearic acid and thelike.

While it is possible for the active ingredient to be administered alone,it may be preferable to present the active ingredient as pharmaceuticalcompositions. The compositions, both for veterinary and for human use,comprise at least the compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), together withone or more acceptable carriers and optionally other therapeuticingredients. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition comprisesa compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and atherapeutically effective amount of one or more (e.g., one, two, three,or four; or one or two; or one to three; or one to four) additionaltherapeutic agents as defined hereinbefore. In one embodiment, thepharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient and one other therapeutic ingredient. Thecarrier(s) are “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with theother ingredients of the composition and physiologically innocuous tothe recipient thereof.

In some embodiments, even though it is possible for the activeingredient to be administered alone, it may be preferable to present theactive ingredient as pharmaceutical compositions. The compositions, bothfor veterinary and for human use, comprise at least the compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), together with one or moreacceptable carriers and optionally other therapeutic ingredients. Insome embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and atherapeutically effective amount of one or more (e.g., one, two, three,or four; or one or two; or one to three; or one to four) additionaltherapeutic agents as defined hereinbefore. In some embodiments, thepharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, apharmaceutically acceptable excipient and one other therapeuticingredient. The carrier(s) are “acceptable” in the sense of beingcompatible with the other ingredients of the composition andphysiologically innocuous to the recipient thereof.

The compositions include those suitable for various administrationroutes. The compositions may conveniently be presented in unit dosageform and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art ofpharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into association theactive ingredient (e.g., a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) or apharmaceutical salt thereof) with one or more inactive ingredients(e.g., a carrier, pharmaceutical excipient, etc.). The compositions maybe prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association theactive ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriersor both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product. Techniques andformulations generally are found in Remington: The Science and Practiceof Pharmacy, 21^(st) Edition, Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins,Philadelphia, Pa., 2006.

In some embodiments, the compositions include those suitable for variousadministration routes. The compositions may conveniently be presented inunit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known inthe art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing intoassociation the active ingredient (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutical salt thereof) with one ormore inactive ingredients (e.g., a carrier, pharmaceutical excipient,etc.). The compositions may be prepared by uniformly and intimatelybringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers orfinely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shapingthe product. Techniques and formulations generally are found inRemington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21^(st) Edition,Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa., 2006.

Compositions described herein that are suitable for oral administrationmay be presented as discrete units (a unit dosage form) including butnot limited to capsules, cachets or tablets each containing apredetermined amount of the active ingredient.

When used for oral use for example, tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueousor oil suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard orsoft capsules, syrups or elixirs may be prepared. Compositions intendedfor oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the artfor the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositionsmay contain one or more agents including sweetening agents, flavoringagents, coloring agents and preserving agents, in order to provide apalatable preparation. Tablets containing the active ingredient inadmixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which aresuitable for manufacture of tablets are acceptable. These excipients maybe, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate,lactose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, povidone, calciumor sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such asmaize starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, such as cellulose,microcrystalline cellulose, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricatingagents, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Tablets may beuncoated or may be coated by known techniques includingmicroencapsulation to delay disintegration and adsorption in thegastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over alonger period. For example, a time delay material such as glycerylmonostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax may be employed.

In some embodiments, disclosed herein are oral dosage forms (e.g.,tablets), which may be prepared from hot melt extrusion or spray-dryingdispersion (SDD) technologies.

In some embodiments, disclosed herein are hard capsules filled withpowder, beads, or granules containing the active ingredient in admixturewith non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which are suitablefor manufacture of hard or soft capsules. These excipients may be, forexample, inert diluents, such as calcium or sodium carbonate, lactose,lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, povidone, calcium or sodiumphosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, such as maize starch,or alginic acid; binding agents, such as cellulose, microcrystallinecellulose, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, such asmagnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.

In some embodiments, disclosed herein are hard or soft capsules filledwith liquid or semi-solid mixtures containing the active ingredient inadmixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient which aresuitable for manufacture of hard or soft capsules. These excipients maybe, for example, solubilizing oils such as maize oil, sesame oil, orcorn oil; medium chain triglycerides and related esters, such as,derivitized palm kernel oil or coconut oil; self-emulsifying lipidsystems (SEDDS or SMEDDS), such as caprylic triglyceride or propyleneglycol monocaprylate; viscosity modifiers, such as, cetyl alcohol,steryl alcohol, glycerol stearate; and solubilizing agents andsurfactants, such as polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin,ethanol, polyethoxylated castor oil, poloxamers, or polysorbates.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may be in theform of a sterile injectable preparation, such as a sterile injectableaqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may be formulatedaccording to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wettingagents and suspending agents which have been mentioned herein. Thesterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solutionor suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent,such as a solution in 1,3-butane-diol or prepared as a lyophilizedpowder. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employedare water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. Inaddition, sterile fixed oils may conventionally be employed as a solventor suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may beemployed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fattyacids such as oleic acid may likewise be used in the preparation ofinjectables.

In some embodiments, the sterile injectable preparation disclosed hereinmay also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension prepared from areconstituted lyophilized powder in a non-toxic parenterally acceptablediluent or solvent, such as a solution in 1,3-butane-diol. Among theacceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water,Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition,sterile fixed oils may conventionally be employed as a solvent orsuspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employedincluding synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids suchas oleic acid may likewise be used in the preparation of injectables.

Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous andnon-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants,buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonicwith the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueoussterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickeningagents. In certain embodiments the suspension is a microsuspension. Incertain embodiments the suspension is a nanosuspension.

In some embodiments, formulations suitable for parenteral administration(e.g., intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administration) willinclude one or more excipients. Excipients should be compatible with theother ingredients of the formulation and physiologically innocuous tothe recipient thereof. Examples of suitable excipients are well known tothe person skilled in the art of parenteral formulation and may be founde.g., in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (eds. Rowe, Sheskey &Quinn), 6th edition 2009.

Examples of solubilizing excipients in a parenteral formulation (e.g.,an SC or IM formulation) include, but are not limited to, polysorbates(such as polysorbate 20 or 80) and poloxamers (such as poloxamer 338,188, or 207). In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a parenteraladministration (e.g., an SC or IM formulation) that comprises a compoundof Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutical saltthereof, and a poloxamer, in particular poloxamer 338. In someembodiments, the amount of poloxamer (e.g., poloxamer 388) in aparenteral administration disclosed herein is less than about 5%, suchas less than about 3%, about 2%, about 1%, or about 0.5%.

Examples of solubilizing excipients in a parenteral formulation (e.g.,an SC or IM formulation) include, but are not limited to, polysorbates(such as polysorbate 20 or 80), poloxamers (such as poloxamer 338, 188,or 207). In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a parenteraladministration (e.g., an SC or IM formulation) that comprises a compoundof Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutical saltthereof, and a poloxamer.

In certain embodiments, excipients include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP),dimethyl sulfoxide, polyethylene glycol and/or tetraglycol/glycofurol.

In general, poloxamers are synthetic non-ionic triblock of linearcopolymers having a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropyleneadjacent to two hydrophilic polypropylene oxide, in certain instances ina 4:2:4 weight ratio. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, thecompositions disclosed herein include a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and a blockcopolymer comprised of one polyoxypropylene segment and two hydrophilicpolypropylene oxide segments. In certain embodiments, the ratio of thepolyoxypropylene segment to the two hydrophilic polypropylene oxidesegments is 4:2:4 (hydrophilic polypropylene oxide: polyoxypropylene:hydrophilic polypropylene oxide). Poloxamers are generally understood tohave the following structure:

where a and b are integers (e.g. a is 2-130 and b is 15-67). Poloxamer188, for example, is understood to range in molecular weight from about7680 to about 9510 Daltons (where a is about 80 and b is about 27).International Journal of PharmTech Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp 299-303,April-June 2009. In some instances, poloxamer 188 has an averagemolecular weight of about 8400 Daltons. Similarly, poloxamer 338 has amolecular weight in the range of from about 12700 to about 17400 Da(where a is about 141 and b is about 44).

Examples of excipients in a parenteral formulation (e.g. an SC or an IMformulation) may also include polyethylene glycol. In general,polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether having a general formulaH—(O—CH₂—CH₂)_(n)—OH. In certain embodiments the PEG may be “capped” byan alkyl group. In those embodiments, the capped PEG is of the formulaalkyl-(O—CH₂—CH₂)_(n)—O-alkyl (e.g. CH₃—(O—CH₂—CH₂)_(n)—OCH₃. Thepharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may include PEGhaving an average molecular weight of approximately 100 to approximately1000. In some embodiments, the average molecular weight of PEG withinthe pharmaceutical composition is approximately 100 to approximately800. In some embodiments, the average molecular weight of PEG within thepharmaceutical composition is approximately 200 to approximately 600. Insome embodiments, the average molecular weight of PEG within thepharmaceutical composition is approximately 400. In some embodiments,the average molecular weight of PEG within the pharmaceuticalcomposition is approximately 300. In some embodiments, the averagemolecular weight of PEG within the pharmaceutical composition isapproximately 200. In some embodiments of the pharmaceuticalcomposition, different molecular weight PEG may be combined to obtain adesired property or properties (e.g. viscosity). Specific examples ofPEG include but are not limited to PEG 100, PEG 200, PEG 300, PEG 400,PEG 500, PEG 600, and so forth. PEG 100, for example, refers to apolyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of about 100.

In some embodiments, the parenteral formulation (e.g., an SC or IMformulation) disclosed herein is an aqueous suspension. In someembodiments, the parenteral formulation (e.g., an SC or IM formulation)disclosed herein is an aqueous suspension that comprises a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutical saltthereof, and saline. In some embodiments, the parenteral formulation(e.g., an SC or IM formulation) disclosed herein is an aqueoussuspension that comprises a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, saline, anda poloxamer (such as poloxamer 338, 188, or 207).

In some embodiments, the parenteral formulation (e.g., an SC or IMformulation) disclosed herein is an aqueous suspension. In someembodiments, the parenteral formulation (e.g., an SC or IM formulation)disclosed herein is an aqueous suspension that comprises a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutical saltthereof, and saline. In some embodiments, the parenteral formulation(e.g., an SC or IM formulation) disclosed herein is an aqueoussuspension that comprises a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, saline, anda suspending agent. In some embodiments, the parenteral formulation(e.g., an SC or IM formulation) disclosed herein is an aqueoussuspension that comprises a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, saline, andpoloxamer (such as poloxamer 338, 188, or 207).

In some embodiments, a suspension comprising a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, in apoloxamer and saline is provided. In some embodiments, the concentrationof poloxamer in saline is from about 0.1 to about 20%. In someembodiments, the concentration of poloxamer in saline is from about 0.1to about 10%. In some in embodiments, the concentration of poloxamer insaline is about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%,1%, 2,%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or about 10%. In certainembodiments, the concentration of poloxamer in saline is about 2%. Incertain embodiments, the poloxamer is poloxamer 188. In certainembodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (Ib) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, thecompound is a compound of Formula (Ib). In certain embodiments, thecompound is a sodium salt of the compound of Formula (Ib).

In some embodiments, a suspension comprising a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, in apoloxamer and mannitol is provided. In some embodiments, theconcentration of poloxamer in mannitol is from about 0.1 to about 20%.In some embodiments, the concentration of poloxamer in mannitol is fromabout 0.1 to about 10%. In some in embodiments, the concentration ofpoloxamer in mannitol is about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%,0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2,%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or about 10%. Incertain embodiments, the concentration of poloxamer in mannitol is about2%. In certain embodiments, the poloxamer is poloxamer 188. In certainembodiments, the compound is a compound of Formula (Ib) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, thecompound is a compound of Formula (Ib). In certain embodiments, thecompound is a sodium salt of the compound of Formula (Ib).

In certain embodiments, the composition is disclosed as a solid dosageform, including a solid injectable dosage form, such as a solid depotform.

In certain embodiments, the active ingredient (e.g. a compound ofFormula Ib) is present as a free acid. In certain embodiments, theactive ingredient (e.g. a compound of Formula Ib) is present as a sodiumsalt.

In certain embodiments the pharmaceutical composition disclosed hereinis a parenteral formulation. In certain embodiments, the formulation isadministered subcutaneously to a subject in need thereof. In certainembodiments, the formulation is administered intramuscularly to asubject in need thereof.

In certain embodiments, the parenteral formulation comprisesN-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In certain embodiments, the parenteralformulation consists essentially of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In certainembodiments, the parenteral formulation comprises dimethyl sulfoxide.

In certain embodiments, the parenteral formulation comprises a compoundof Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutical saltthereof and water. In certain embodiments, the parenteral formulationcomprises a compound of Formula (Ib) or a pharmaceutical salt thereofand water. In certain embodiments, the parenteral formulation furthercomprises an alcohol. In certain embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol. Incertain embodiments, the parenteral formulation further comprisespolyethylene glycol. In certain embodiments, the polyethylene glycol hasan average molecular weight of about 200 g/mol. (polyethylene glycol200). In certain embodiments, the parenteral formulation furthercomprises an inorganic base. In certain embodiments, the inorganic baseis sodium hydroxide. In certain embodiments, the inorganic base a sodiumethoxide. In certain embodiments the formulation comprises from about0.1 molar equivalents to about 1.5 molar equivalents of the inorganicbase (e.g. NaOH or NaOEt). In certain embodiments, the formulationcomprises from about 0.5 molar equivalents to about 1.5 molarequivalents of the inorganic base (e.g. NaOH or NaOEt). In certainembodiments the formulation comprises from about 1.0 molar equivalentsto about 1.2 molar equivalents of the inorganic base (e.g. NaOH orNaOEt). In certain embodiments the formulation comprises about 1.2 molarequivalents inorganic base (e.g. NaOH or NaOEt).

In certain embodiments, the parenteral formulation consists essentiallyof a compound of Formula (Ib) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, water,ethanol, and polyethylene glycol 200.

In certain embodiments, the parenteral formulation consists essentiallyof a compound of Formula (Ib) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, water,ethanol, polyethylene glycol 200 (polyethylene glycole with an averagemolecular weight of 200 g/mol.), and NaOH. In certain embodiments, theparenteral formulation consists essentially of a compound of Formula(Ib) or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, water, ethanol, polyethyleneglycol 200, and NaOEt. In certain embodiments, the formulation comprisesfrom about 0.1 molar equivalents to about 1.5 molar equivalents of NaOHor NaOEt. In certain embodiments, the formulation comprises from about0.5 molar equivalents to about 1.5 molar equivalents of NaOH or NaOEt.In certain embodiments the formulation comprises from about 1.0 molarequivalents to about 1.2 molar equivalents of NaOH or NaOEt. In certainembodiments the formulation comprises about 1.2 molar equivalents ofNaOH or NaOEt.

In certain embodiments, the parenteral formulation is a solutionformulation comprises a mixture of ethanol, water, and polyethyleneglycol. In certain embodiments, the parenteral formulation is a solutionformulation comprising a mixture of ethanol, water, and PEG 200. Incertain embodiments, the solution formulation comprises about 5%-20%ethanol, about 5% to 20% water, and about 60% to 90% PEG 200. In certainembodiments, the solution formulation comprises about 10%-15% ethanol,about 10% to 15% water, and about 70% to 80% PEG 200. In certainembodiments, the solution formulation comprises about 10% ethanol, about12% water, and about 78% PEG 200. In certain embodiments, the solutionformulation further comprises an inorganic base. In certain embodiments,the solution formulation further comprises sodium hydroxide or sodiumethoxide. In certain embodiments, the solution formulation furthercomprises sodium hydroxide. In certain embodiments the formulationcomprises from about 0.1 molar equivalents to about 1.5 molarequivalents of the inorganic base (e.g. NaOH or NaOEt). In certainembodiments, the formulation comprises from about 0.5 molar equivalentsto about 1.5 molar equivalents of the inorganic base (e.g. NaOH orNaOEt). In certain embodiments the formulation comprises from about 1.0molar equivalents to about 1.2 molar equivalents of the inorganic base(e.g. NaOH or NaOEt). In certain embodiments the formulation comprisesabout 1.2 molar equivalents inorganic base (e.g. NaOH or NaOEt).

In some embodiments, solution formulations containing 200 mg/mL ofFormula Ib with about 0.1 to about 1.5 equivalents of NaOH in about 10%ethanol, about 12% water, and about 77% PEG are provided.

In certain embodiments, an oral formulation of a compound of Formula(Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), comprising at least one excipient isprovided. Excipients can include ethanol, medium chain triglycerides(e.g. MIGLYOL 810, MIGLYOL 821, MIGLYOL 840, and so forth), Vitamin ETPGS, glycerin, and/or pharmaceutically acceptable oils (e.g. sesameoil, castor oil, safflower oil, vegetable oil, soybean oil, and soforth). Oral formulations disclosed herein can include any combinationof one or more suitable excipients. Excipients taken together can bepresent in >65% by weight of the total oral formulation, >70% by weightof the total oral formulation, >80% by weight of the total oralformulation, >90% by weight of the total oral formulation, or >95% byweight of the total oral formulation.

In some embodiments, an oral formulation of a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), is provided. In certain embodiments the oralformulation comprises a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), about 5% to about 20% ethanol, about 10% to about 30% Vitamin ETPGS, and about 50% to about 85% MIGLYOL 812. In some embodiments, theoral formulation comprises a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), about 8% to about 15% ethanol, about 15% to about 25%Vitamin E TPGS, and about 60% to about 77% MIGLYOL 812. In certainembodiments the oral formulation comprises a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), in about 10% ethanol, about 20% Vitamin ETPGS, and about 70% MIGLYOL 812. In certain embodiments, the oralformulation is prepared in hard gelatin capsules.

The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the inactiveingredients to produce a dosage form may vary depending upon theintended treatment subject and the particular mode of administration.For example, in some embodiments, a dosage form for oral administrationto humans may contain approximately 1 to 1000 mg of active materialformulated with an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material(e.g., inactive ingredient or excipient material). In certainembodiments, the carrier material varies from about 5 to about 95% ofthe total compositions (weight: weight).

It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularlymentioned above the compositions of these embodiments may include otheragents conventional in the art having regard to the type of compositionin question, for example those suitable for oral administration mayinclude flavoring agents.

In certain embodiments, a composition comprising an active ingredientdisclosed herein (e.g., a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) in one variation does notcontain an agent that affects the rate at which the active ingredient ismetabolized. Thus, it is understood that compositions comprising acompound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) in certain embodiments do not comprisean agent that would affect (e.g., slow, hinder or retard) the metabolismof a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) or any other active ingredientadministered separately, sequentially or simultaneously with a compoundof formula (Ia) or (Ib). It is also understood that any of the methods,kits, articles of manufacture and the like detailed herein in certainembodiments do not comprise an agent that would affect (e.g., slow,hinder or retard) the metabolism of a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib)or any other active ingredient administered separately, sequentially orsimultaneously with a compound of any one of formula (Ia) or (Ib).

In some embodiments, a composition comprising an active ingredientdisclosed herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) in one variationdoes not contain an agent that affects the rate at which the activeingredient is metabolized. Thus, it is understood that compositionscomprising a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb) incertain embodiments do not comprise an agent that would affect (e.g.,slow, hinder or retard) the metabolism of a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb) or any other active ingredient administeredseparately, sequentially or simultaneously with a compound of Formula(Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb). It is also understood that any of themethods, kits, articles of manufacture and the like detailed herein incertain embodiments do not comprise an agent that would affect (e.g.,slow, hinder or retard) the metabolism of a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb) or any other active ingredient administeredseparately, sequentially or simultaneously with a compound of any one ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb).

Methods of Use

In certain embodiments, a method for treating or preventing an HIVinfection in a subject (e.g., a human), comprising administering acompound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, to the subject is disclosed.

In some embodiments, a method for treating or preventing an HIVinfection in a subject (e.g., a human), comprising administering acompound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject is disclosed.

In certain embodiments, a method for inhibiting the replication of theHIV virus, treating AIDS or delaying the onset of AIDS in a subject(e.g., a human), comprising administering a compound of formula (Ia) or(Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject isdisclosed.

In some embodiments, a method for inhibiting the replication of the HIVvirus, treating AIDS or delaying the onset of AIDS in a subject (e.g., ahuman), comprising administering a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, tothe subject is disclosed.

In certain embodiments, a method for preventing an HIV infection in asubject (e.g., a human), comprising administering a compound of formula(Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to thesubject is disclosed. In certain embodiments, the subject is at risk ofcontracting the HIV virus, such as a subject who has one or more riskfactors known to be associated with contracting the HIV virus.

In some embodiments, a method for preventing an HIV infection in asubject (e.g., a human), comprising administering a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject isdisclosed. In certain embodiments, the subject is at risk of contractingthe HIV virus, such as a subject who has one or more risk factors knownto be associated with contracting the HIV virus.

In certain embodiments, a method for treating an HIV infection in asubject (e.g., a human), comprising administering a compound of formula(Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to thesubject is disclosed.

In some embodiments, a method for treating an HIV infection in a subject(e.g., a human), comprising administering a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, to the subject is disclosed.

In certain embodiments, a method for treating an HIV infection in asubject (e.g., a human), comprising administering to the subject in needthereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (Ia)or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combinationwith a therapeutically effective amount of one or more (e.g., one, two,three, or four; or one or two; or one to three; or one to four)additional therapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of HIVprotease inhibiting compounds, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV non-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase,HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotideinhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, capsidpolymerization inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, and other drugsfor treating HIV, and combinations thereof is disclosed. In certainembodiments, a method for treating an HIV infection in a subject (e.g.,a human), comprising administering to the subject in need thereof atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with atherapeutically effective amount of one or more (e.g., one, two, three,or four; or one or two; or one to three; or one to four) additionaltherapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of combinationdrugs for HIV, other drugs for treating HIV, HIV protease inhibitors,HIV non-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (orallosteric) integrase inhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors, HIV maturationinhibitors, latency reversing agents, compounds that target the HIVcapsid, immune-based therapies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)inhibitors, HIV antibodies, bispecific antibodies and “antibody-like”therapeutic proteins, HIV p17 matrix protein inhibitors, IL-13antagonists, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A modulators, proteindisulfide isomerase inhibitors, complement C5a receptor antagonists, DNAmethyltransferase inhibitor, HIV vif gene modulators, Vif dimerizationantagonists, HIV-1 viral infectivity factor inhibitors, TAT proteininhibitors, HIV-1 Nef modulators, Hck tyrosine kinase modulators, mixedlineage kinase-3 (MLK-3) inhibitors, HIV-1 splicing inhibitors, Revprotein inhibitors, integrin antagonists, nucleoprotein inhibitors,splicing factor modulators, COMM domain containing protein 1 modulators,HIV ribonuclease H inhibitors, retrocyclin modulators, CDK-9 inhibitors,dendritic ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin 1 inhibitors, HIV GAG proteininhibitors, HIV POL protein inhibitors, Complement Factor H modulators,ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, deoxycytidine kinase inhibitors, cyclindependent kinase inhibitors, proprotein convertase PC9 stimulators, ATPdependent RNA helicase DDX3X inhibitors, reverse transcriptase primingcomplex inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, pharmacokineticenhancers, HIV gene therapy, and HIV vaccines, or any combinationsthereof is disclosed.

In some embodiments, a method for treating an HIV infection in a subject(e.g., a human), comprising administering to the subject in need thereofa therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, incombination with a therapeutically effective amount of one or more(e.g., one, two, three, or four; or one or two; or one to three; or oneto four) additional therapeutic agents selected from the groupconsisting of HIV protease inhibiting compounds, HIV non-nucleosideinhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV non-nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIVintegrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, gp120inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, capsid polymerization inhibitors,pharmacokinetic enhancers, and other drugs for treating HIV, andcombinations thereof is disclosed. In certain embodiments, a method fortreating an HIV infection in a subject (e.g., a human), comprisingadministering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with atherapeutically effective amount of one or more (e.g., one, two, three,or four; or one or two; or one to three; or one to four) additionaltherapeutic agents selected from the group consisting of combinationdrugs for HIV, other drugs for treating HIV, HIV protease inhibitors,HIV non-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (orallosteric) integrase inhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors, HIV maturationinhibitors, latency reversing agents, compounds that target the HIVcapsid, immune-based therapies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)inhibitors, HIV antibodies, bispecific antibodies and “antibody-like”therapeutic proteins, HIV p17 matrix protein inhibitors, IL-13antagonists, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A modulators, proteindisulfide isomerase inhibitors, complement C5a receptor antagonists, DNAmethyltransferase inhibitor, HIV vif gene modulators, Vif dimerizationantagonists, HIV-1 viral infectivity factor inhibitors, TAT proteininhibitors, HIV-1 Nef modulators, Hck tyrosine kinase modulators, mixedlineage kinase-3 (MLK-3) inhibitors, HIV-1 splicing inhibitors, Revprotein inhibitors, integrin antagonists, nucleoprotein inhibitors,splicing factor modulators, COMM domain containing protein 1 modulators,HIV ribonuclease H inhibitors, retrocyclin modulators, CDK-9 inhibitors,dendritic ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin 1 inhibitors, HIV GAG proteininhibitors, HIV POL protein inhibitors, Complement Factor H modulators,ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, deoxycytidine kinase inhibitors, cyclindependent kinase inhibitors, proprotein convertase PC9 stimulators, ATPdependent RNA helicase DDX3X inhibitors, reverse transcriptase primingcomplex inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, pharmacokineticenhancers, HIV gene therapy, and HIV vaccines, or any combinationsthereof is disclosed. In certain embodiments, a compound of formula (Ia)or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use inmedical therapy of an HIV infection (e.g. HIV-1 or the replication ofthe HIV virus (e.g. HIV-1) or AIDS or delaying the onset of AIDS in asubject (e.g., a human)) is disclosed.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in medicaltherapy of an HIV infection (e.g. HIV-1 or the replication of the HIVvirus (e.g. HIV-1) or AIDS or delaying the onset of AIDS in a subject(e.g., a human)) is disclosed.

In certain embodiments, a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the manufacture of amedicament for treating an HIV infection or the replication of the HIVvirus or AIDS or delaying the onset of AIDS in a subject (e.g., a human)is disclosed. One embodiment relates to a compound of formula (Ia) or(Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in theprophylactic or therapeutic treatment of an HIV infection or AIDS or foruse in the therapeutic treatment or delaying the onset of AIDS.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in themanufacture of a medicament for treating an HIV infection or thereplication of the HIV virus or AIDS or delaying the onset of AIDS in asubject (e.g., a human) is disclosed. One embodiment relates to acompound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the prophylactic ortherapeutic treatment of an HIV infection or AIDS or for use in thetherapeutic treatment or delaying the onset of AIDS.

In certain embodiments, the use of a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of amedicament for an HIV infection in a subject (e.g., a human) isdisclosed. In certain embodiments, a compound of any of formula (Ia) or(Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in theprophylactic or therapeutic treatment of an HIV infection is disclosed.

In some embodiments, the use of a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for themanufacture of a medicament for an HIV infection in a subject (e.g., ahuman) is disclosed. In certain embodiments, a compound of any ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, for use in the prophylactic or therapeutictreatment of an HIV infection is disclosed.

In certain embodiments, in the methods of use, the administration is toa subject (e.g., a human) in need of the treatment. In certainembodiments, in the methods of use, the administration is to a subject(e.g., a human) who is at risk of developing AIDS.

Disclosed herein is a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in therapy. In oneembodiment, the compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is for use in a method of treating an HIVinfection or the replication of the HIV virus or AIDS or delaying theonset of AIDS in a subject (e.g., a human).

In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, for use in therapy. In some embodiments, the compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, is for use in a method of treating an HIVinfection or the replication of the HIV virus or AIDS or delaying theonset of AIDS in a subject (e.g., a human).

Also disclosed herein is a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in a method oftreating or preventing HIV infection in a subject in need thereof. Incertain embodiments, a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in a method oftreating HIV infection in a subject in need thereof is provided. Incertain embodiments, the subject in need thereof is a human who has beeninfected with HIV. In certain embodiments, the subject in need thereofis a human who has been infected with HIV but who has not developedAIDS. In certain embodiments, the subject in need thereof is a subjectat risk for developing AIDS. In certain embodiments, the subject in needthereof is a human who has been infected with HIV and who has developedAIDS.

In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, for use in a method of treating or preventing HIV infection ina subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula(Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, for use in a method of treating HIV infection in a subject inneed thereof is provided. In certain embodiments, the subject in needthereof is a human who has been infected with HIV. In certainembodiments, the subject in need thereof is a human who has beeninfected with HIV but who has not developed AIDS. In certainembodiments, the subject in need thereof is a subject at risk fordeveloping AIDS. In certain embodiments, the subject in need thereof isa human who has been infected with HIV and who has developed AIDS.

In one embodiment, a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with one ormore (e.g. one, two, three, or four; or one or two; or one to three; orone to four) additional therapeutic agents as described herein for usein a method of treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject in needthereof is provided. In one embodiment, said additional therapeuticagents are selected from the group consisting of combination drugs forHIV, other drugs for treating HIV, HIV protease inhibitors, HIVnon-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase,HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIVintegrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (or allosteric) integraseinhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors, HIV maturation inhibitors, latencyreversing agents, compounds that target the HIV capsid, immune-basedtherapies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, HIVantibodies, bispecific antibodies and “antibody-like” therapeuticproteins, HIV p17 matrix protein inhibitors, IL-13 antagonists,peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A modulators, protein disulfideisomerase inhibitors, complement C5a receptor antagonists, DNAmethyltransferase inhibitor, HIV vif gene modulators, Vif dimerizationantagonists, HIV-1 viral infectivity factor inhibitors, TAT proteininhibitors, HIV-1 Nef modulators, Hck tyrosine kinase modulators, mixedlineage kinase-3 (MLK-3) inhibitors, HIV-1 splicing inhibitors, Revprotein inhibitors, integrin antagonists, nucleoprotein inhibitors,splicing factor modulators, COMM domain containing protein 1 modulators,HIV ribonuclease H inhibitors, retrocyclin modulators, CDK-9 inhibitors,dendritic ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin 1 inhibitors, HIV GAG proteininhibitors, HIV POL protein inhibitors, Complement Factor H modulators,ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, deoxycytidine kinase inhibitors, cyclindependent kinase inhibitors, proprotein convertase PC9 stimulators, ATPdependent RNA helicase DDX3X inhibitors, reverse transcriptase primingcomplex inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, pharmacokineticenhancers, HIV gene therapy, and HIV vaccines, or any combinationsthereof. In one embodiment, said additional therapeutic agents areselected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibiting compounds,HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIVnon-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleosideinhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, capsid polymerizationinhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, and other drugs for treating HIV,and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combinationwith one or more (e.g. one, two, three, or four; or one or two; or oneto three; or one to four) additional therapeutic agents as describedherein for use in a method of treating or preventing HIV infection in asubject in need thereof is provided. In one embodiment, said additionaltherapeutic agents are selected from the group consisting of combinationdrugs for HIV, other drugs for treating HIV, HIV protease inhibitors,HIV non-nucleoside or non-nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV nucleoside or nucleotide inhibitors of reversetranscriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (orallosteric) integrase inhibitors, HIV entry inhibitors, HIV maturationinhibitors, latency reversing agents, compounds that target the HIVcapsid, immune-based therapies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)inhibitors, HIV antibodies, bispecific antibodies and “antibody-like”therapeutic proteins, HIV p17 matrix protein inhibitors, IL-13antagonists, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A modulators, proteindisulfide isomerase inhibitors, complement C5a receptor antagonists, DNAmethyltransferase inhibitor, HIV vif gene modulators, Vif dimerizationantagonists, HIV-1 viral infectivity factor inhibitors, TAT proteininhibitors, HIV-1 Nef modulators, Hck tyrosine kinase modulators, mixedlineage kinase-3 (MLK-3) inhibitors, HIV-1 splicing inhibitors, Revprotein inhibitors, integrin antagonists, nucleoprotein inhibitors,splicing factor modulators, COMM domain containing protein 1 modulators,HIV ribonuclease H inhibitors, retrocyclin modulators, CDK-9 inhibitors,dendritic ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin 1 inhibitors, HIV GAG proteininhibitors, HIV POL protein inhibitors, Complement Factor H modulators,ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, deoxycytidine kinase inhibitors, cyclindependent kinase inhibitors, proprotein convertase PC9 stimulators, ATPdependent RNA helicase DDX3X inhibitors, reverse transcriptase primingcomplex inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, pharmacokineticenhancers, HIV gene therapy, and HIV vaccines, or any combinationsthereof. In one embodiment, said additional therapeutic agents areselected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibiting compounds,HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIVnon-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleosideinhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, capsid polymerizationinhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, and other drugs for treating HIV,and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, a compound of formula (Ia)or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combinationwith a first additional therapeutic agent selected from the groupconsisting of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, andtenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, and a second additional therapeuticagent, wherein the second additional therapeutic agent is emtricitabine,is provided for use in a method of treating or preventing HIV infectionin a subject in need thereof. In a particular embodiment, a compound offormula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, incombination with a first additional therapeutic agent selected from thegroup consisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir disoproxil,and tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, and a second additionaltherapeutic agent, wherein the second additional therapeutic agent isemtricitabine, is provided for use in a method of treating or preventingHIV infection in a subject in need thereof.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combinationwith a first additional therapeutic agent selected from the groupconsisting of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, andtenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate, and a second additional therapeuticagent, wherein the second additional therapeutic agent is emtricitabine,is provided for use in a method of treating or preventing HIV infectionin a subject in need thereof. In a particular embodiment, a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, in combination with a first additionaltherapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate, tenofovir disoproxil, and tenofovir disoproxilhemifumarate, and a second additional therapeutic agent, wherein thesecond additional therapeutic agent is emtricitabine, is provided foruse in a method of treating or preventing HIV infection in a subject inneed thereof.

In a particular embodiment, a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are provided for use toprevent HIV infection from taking hold if the individual is exposed tothe virus and/or to keep the virus from establishing a permanentinfection and/or to prevent the appearance of symptoms of the diseaseand/or to prevent the virus from reaching detectable levels in theblood, for example for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or post-exposureprophylaxis (PEP). Accordingly, in certain embodiments, methods forreducing the risk of acquiring HIV (e.g., HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) areprovided. For example, methods for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV(e.g., HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) comprise administration of a compound offormula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Incertain embodiments, methods for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV(e.g., HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) comprise administration of a compound offormula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, incombination with one or more additional therapeutic agents. In certainembodiments, methods for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV (e.g., HIV-1and/or HIV-2) comprise administration of a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula(Ia) or (Ib), or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are provided foruse to prevent HIV infection from taking hold if the individual isexposed to the virus and/or to keep the virus from establishing apermanent infection and/or to prevent the appearance of symptoms of thedisease and/or to prevent the virus from reaching detectable levels inthe blood, for example for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) orpost-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Accordingly, in certain embodiments,methods for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV (e.g., HIV-1 and/orHIV-2) are provided. For example, methods for reducing the risk ofacquiring HIV (e.g., HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) comprise administration of acompound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments,methods for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV (e.g., HIV-1 and/orHIV-2) comprise administration of a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, incombination with one or more additional therapeutic agents. In certainembodiments, methods for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV (e.g., HIV-1and/or HIV-2) comprise administration of a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula(Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In certain embodiments, methods for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV(e.g., HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) comprise administration of a compound offormula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, incombination with safer sex practices. In certain embodiments, methodsfor reducing the risk of acquiring HIV (e.g., HIV-1 and/or HIV-2)comprise administration to an individual at risk of acquiring HIV.Examples of individuals at high risk for acquiring HIV include, withoutlimitation, an individual who is at risk of sexual transmission of HIV.

In some embodiments, methods for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV(e.g., HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) comprise administration of a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, in combination with safer sex practices. Incertain embodiments, methods for reducing the risk of acquiring HIV(e.g., HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) comprise administration to an individual atrisk of acquiring HIV. Examples of individuals at high risk foracquiring HIV include, without limitation, an individual who is at riskof sexual transmission of HIV.

In certain embodiments, the reduction in risk of acquiring HIV is atleast about 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95%. In certainembodiments, the reduction in risk of acquiring HIV is at least about75%. In certain embodiments, the reduction in risk of acquiring HIV isabout 80%, 85%, or 90%.

In another embodiment, the use of a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of amedicament for the treatment of an HIV infection in a human being havingor at risk of having the infection is disclosed.

In some embodiments, the use of a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for themanufacture of a medicament for the treatment of an HIV infection in ahuman being having or at risk of having the infection is disclosed.

Also disclosed herein is a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the therapeutictreatment or delaying the onset of AIDS.

In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, for use in the therapeutic treatment or delaying the onset ofAIDS.

Also disclosed herein is a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the prophylactic ortherapeutic treatment of an HIV infection.

In some embodiments, disclosed herein is a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, for use in the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of an HIVinfection.

In certain embodiments, a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used as a research tool(e.g. to study the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase in a subjector in vitro).

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be used as aresearch tool (e.g., to study the inhibition of HIV reversetranscriptase in a subject or in vitro).

Routes of Administration

The compound of the formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, (also referred to herein as the activeingredient) can be administered by any route appropriate to thecondition to be treated. Suitable routes include oral, rectal, nasal,topical (including buccal and sublingual), transdermal, vaginal andparenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous,intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), and the like. It will beappreciated that the preferred route may vary with, for example, thecondition of the recipient. In certain embodiments, the compoundsdisclosed can be dosed parenterally. In certain embodiments, thecompounds disclosed can be dosed intravenous, subcutaneous, orintramuscular. In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed areorally bioavailable and can be dosed orally.

In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, (alsoreferred to herein as the active ingredient) can be administered by anyroute appropriate to the condition to be treated. Suitable routesinclude oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual),transdermal, vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous,intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural), andthe like. It will be appreciated that the preferred route may vary with,for example, the condition of the recipient. In certain embodiments, thecompounds disclosed can be dosed parenterally. In certain embodiments,the compounds disclosed can be dosed intravenous, subcutaneous, orintramuscular. In certain embodiments, the compounds disclosed areorally bioavailable and can be dosed orally.

In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may beadministered with a syringe suitable for administration of the compound.In some embodiments, the syringe is disposable. In some embodiments, thesyringe is reusable. In some embodiments, the syringe is pre-filled withthe compound of the Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the compound of the Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may beadministered with an auto-injector comprising a syringe. In someembodiments, the syringe is disposable. In some embodiments, the syringeis reusable. In some embodiments, the syringe is pre-filled with thecompound of the Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Dosing Regimen

The compound, such as a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be administered to asubject in accordance with an effective dosing regimen for a desiredperiod of time or duration, such as at least about one day, at leastabout one week, at least about one month, at least about 2 months, atleast about 3 months, at least about 4 months, at least about 6 months,or at least about 12 months or longer. In one variation, the compound isadministered on a daily or intermittent schedule. In one variation, thecompound is administered on a monthly schedule. In one variation, thecompound is administered every two months. In one variation, thecompound is administered every three months. In one variation, thecompound is administered every four months. In one variation, thecompound is administered every five months. In one variation, thecompound is administered every 6 months.

In some embodiments, the compound, such as a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, may be administered to a subject in accordance with aneffective dosing regimen for a desired period of time or duration, suchas at least about one day, at least about one week, at least about onemonth, at least about 2 months, at least about 3 months, at least about4 months, at least about 6 months, or at least about 12 months orlonger. In some embodiments, the compound is administered on a daily orintermittent schedule. In some embodiments, the compound is administeredon a monthly schedule. In some embodiments, the compound is administeredevery two months. In some embodiments, the compound is administeredevery three months. In some embodiments, the compound is administeredevery four months. I In some embodiments, the compound is administeredevery five months. In some embodiments, the compound is administeredevery 6 months.

In some embodiments, the compound, such as a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, may be administered to a subject at least about one month, atleast about 4 months, or at least about 6 months. In some embodiments,the compound (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), may besubcutaneously administered to a subject at least about one month. Insome embodiments, the compound (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), maybe subcutaneously or intramuscularly administered to a subject at leastabout 4 months, or at least about 6 months. In some embodiments, thecompound (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), may be subcutaneouslyadministered to a subject at least about one month. In some embodiments,the compound (e.g., a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), may besubcutaneously or intramuscularly administered to a subject at leastabout every 3 months.

The dosage or dosing frequency of a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may be adjusted over thecourse of the treatment, based on the judgment of the administeringphysician.

In some embodiments, the dosage or dosing frequency of a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, may be adjusted over the course of thetreatment, based on the judgment of the administering physician.

The compound may be administered to a subject (e.g., a human) in aneffective amount. In certain embodiments, the compound is administeredonce daily.

In some embodiments, the compound may be administered to a subject(e.g., a human) in an therapeutically effective amount. In someembodiments, the compound is administered once daily. In someembodiments, the compound is administered monthly. In some embodiments,the compound is administered every three months. In some embodiments,the compound is administered every four months. In some embodiments, thecompound is administered every six months.

A compound as disclosed herein (e.g., a compound of formula (Ia) or(Ib)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, may beadministered in a dosage amount that is effective. For example, thedosage amount can be from 1 mg to 1000 mg of compound. In certainembodiments, the dosage amount is about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 120, 130, 140, or 150 mg of compound. In certainembodiments the dosage amount is about 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350,400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, or 1000 mg.

In some embodiments, a compound as disclosed herein (e.g., a compound ofFormula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, may be administered in a dosage amount that iseffective. For example, the dosage amount can be from 1 mg to 1000 mg ofcompound. In certain embodiments, the dosage amount is about 1, 10, 20,30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 120, 130, 140, or 150 mgof compound. In certain embodiments the dosage amount is about 100, 150,200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850,900, 950, or 1000 mg.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administeredin a once daily dose. In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia),(Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, is administered in a once daily dose of about 1 mg.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administeredmonthly. In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, isadministered monthly at a dose of about 100 mg.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or(IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administeredevery 6 months. In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib),(IIa), and/or (IIb)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, isadministered every 6 months at a dose of about 600 mg.

Kits and Articles of Manufacture

The present disclosure relates to a kit comprising a compound of formula(Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In oneembodiment, the kit may comprise one or more additional therapeuticagents as described hereinbefore. The kit may further compriseinstructions for use, e.g., for use in inhibiting an HIV reversetranscriptase, such as for use in treating an HIV infection or AIDS oras a research tool. The instructions for use are generally writteninstructions, although electronic storage media (e.g., magnetic disketteor optical disk) containing instructions are also acceptable.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a kit comprisinga compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one embodiment, the kit maycomprise one or more additional therapeutic agents as describedhereinbefore. The kit may further comprise instructions for use, e.g.,for use in inhibiting an HIV reverse transcriptase, such as for use intreating an HIV infection or AIDS or as a research tool. Theinstructions for use are generally written instructions, althoughelectronic storage media (e.g., magnetic diskette or optical disk)containing instructions are also acceptable.

The present disclosure also relates to a pharmaceutical kit comprisingone or more containers comprising a compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Optionally associated withsuch container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by agovernmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale ofpharmaceuticals, which notice reflects approval by the agency for themanufacture, use or sale for human administration. Each component (ifthere is more than one component) can be packaged in separate containersor some components can be combined in one container wherecross-reactivity and shelf life permit. The kits may be in unit dosageforms, bulk packages (e.g., multi-dose packages) or sub-unit doses. Kitsmay also include multiple unit doses of the compounds and instructionsfor use and be packaged in quantities sufficient for storage and use inpharmacies (e.g., hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies).

In some embodiments, the present disclosure also relates to apharmaceutical kit comprising one or more containers comprising acompound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and/or (IIb), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Optionally associated withsuch container(s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by agovernmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale ofpharmaceuticals, which notice reflects approval by the agency for themanufacture, use or sale for human administration. Each component (ifthere is more than one component) can be packaged in separate containersor some components can be combined in one container wherecross-reactivity and shelf life permit. The kits may be in unit dosageforms, bulk packages (e.g., multi-dose packages) or sub-unit doses. Kitsmay also include multiple unit doses of the compounds and instructionsfor use and be packaged in quantities sufficient for storage and use inpharmacies (e.g., hospital pharmacies and compounding pharmacies).

Also disclosed are articles of manufacture comprising a unit dosage of acompound of formula (Ia) or (Ib), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in suitable packaging for use in the methods described herein.Suitable packaging is known in the art and includes, for example, vials,vessels, ampules, bottles, jars, flexible packaging and the like. Anarticle of manufacture may further be sterilized and/or sealed.

In some embodiments, disclosed herein are articles of manufacturecomprising a unit dosage of a compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa),and/or (IIb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in suitablepackaging for use in the methods described herein. Suitable packaging isknown in the art and includes, for example, vials, vessels, ampules,bottles, jars, flexible packaging and the like. An article ofmanufacture may further be sterilized and/or sealed.

Nomenclature

The name of the compound of formula (Ia) and (Ib) of the currentdisclosure as generated using ChemBioDraw Ultra 11.

isN-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-(5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide.

isN—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide.

The name of the compound of formula (IIa) and (IIb) of the currentdisclosure as generated using ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.

isN-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide.

isN—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide.

Synthesis of the Compound of Formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), and (IIb)

The present disclosure is also directed to processes and intermediatesuseful for preparing the subject compound or pharmaceutically acceptablesalts thereof.

Except as otherwise noted, the methods and techniques of the presentdisclosure are generally performed according to conventional methodswell known in the art and as described in various general and morespecific references that are cited and discussed throughout the presentspecification. See, e.g., Loudon, Organic Chemistry, 5^(th) edition, NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2009; Smith, March's Advanced OrganicChemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 7^(th) edition,Wiley-Interscience, 2013.

In certain instances, the processes disclosed herein involve a step offorming a salt of a compound of the present disclosure.

In certain instances, the intermediates useful in preparing a compoundof formula (Ia) or (Ib) of the present disclosure are provided. Forexample, those intermediates include any one of or a combination ofCompounds 1 to 23 or a salt thereof. In certain embodiments, theintermediates are selected from Compound 8a, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,and/or 23b, combinations thereof, or salts thereof.

In some embodiments, the intermediates useful in preparing a compound offormula (IIa) or (IIb) of the present disclosure are provided. Forexample, those intermediates include any one of or a combination ofCompounds 1, 10, 20 and 25-37 or a salt thereof. In some embodiments,the intermediates are selected from Compound 20, 32, 34, 35, 36, and/or37, combinations thereof, or salts thereof.

Compounds as described herein can be purified by any of the means knownin the art, including chromatographic means, such as high performanceliquid chromatography (HPLC), preparative thin layer chromatography,flash column chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC),and ion exchange chromatography. Any suitable stationary phase can beused, including normal and reversed phases as well as ionic resins. Mosttypically the disclosed compounds are purified via silica gel and/oralumina chromatography. See, e.g., Introduction to Modern LiquidChromatography, 2^(nd) ed., ed. L. R. Snyder and J. J. Kirkland, JohnWiley and Sons, 1979; and Thin Layer Chromatography, E. Stahl (ed.),Springer-Verlag, New York, 1969.

During any of the processes for preparation of the subject compounds, itmay be necessary and/or desirable to protect sensitive or reactivegroups on any of the molecules concerned. This may be achieved by meansof conventional protecting groups as described in standard works, suchas T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, “Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis,” 4^(th) ed., Wiley, New York 2006. The protecting groups maybe removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods known from theart.

Exemplary chemical entities useful in methods of the embodiments willnow be described by reference to illustrative synthetic schemes fortheir general preparation herein and the specific examples that follow.One of skill in the art will recognize that the transformations shown inthe schemes below may be performed in any order that is compatible withthe functionality of the particular pendant groups. Each of thereactions depicted in the general schemes is preferably run at atemperature from about 0° C. to the reflux temperature of the organicsolvent used.

The compounds disclosed herein may display atropisomerism resulting fromsteric hindrance affecting the axial rotation rate around a single bond.The resultant conformational isomers may each be observed as distinctentities by characterization techniques such as NMR and HPLC. Thecompounds disclosed herein may exist as a mixture of atropisomers.However, the detection of atropisomers is dependent on factors such astemperature, solvent, conditions of purification, and timescale ofspectroscopic technique. The interconversion rate at room temperaturehas a half-life of minutes to hours, hours to days, or days to years.The ratio of atropisomers at equilibrium may not be unity.Characterization data presented herein may not represent the equilibriumstate depending on the conditions of isolation and characterizationwhich may include but not limited to handling, solvents used, andtemperature.

Representative syntheses of compounds of the present disclosure aredescribed in schemes below, and the particular examples that follow. Thefollowing examples are merely illustrative, and not intended to limitthis disclosure in any way.

Preparation of2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclonenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (8a) and2-((3bR,4aS)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclonenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (8b) Example 1 Preparation of Compounds 8a and 8b

Synthesis of lithium2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(3-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ylidene)ethan-1-olate (2)

A reactor was charged with bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one (95.6 g, 0.99 mol)and ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate (113.2 mL, 0.95 mol) and THF (50 mL).The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. LiHMDS (Lithiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide) (1 L of 1.0M solution in THF, 1 mol) was addedvia an addition funnel at a rate to maintain internal temperature at ≤1°C. After the addition was complete, hexanes (235 mL) was added in asteady stream via an addition funnel and stirred for 15 min. Theresultant solids were collected by filtration, washed with hexanes(3×400 mL), and dried to provide the title compound.

Synthesis of ethyl2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(3)

A reactor was charged with lithium2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(3-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ylidene)ethan-1-olate(177.2 g, 0.89 mol) and EtOH (ethanol) (779 mL). The temperature wasbrought to and maintained at 0° C. HCl in dioxane (4.0 N, 443 mL) wasadded via an addition funnel followed by the addition of solid ethylhydrazinoacetate HCl salt (138.4 g, 0.90 mol). The reaction temperaturewas adjusted to 35° C. After 1 h, the reaction volume was reduced by˜40% by distillation at reduced pressure. Water (1.3 L) was added withvigorous agitation and temperature adjusted to 15° C. The resultantsolids were collected by filtration, washed with water (3×500 mL),hexanes (3×400 mL), and dried to provide the title compound. MS (m/z)275.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of ethyl2-(5-oxo-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(4)

A reactor was charged with ethyl2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(291.2 g, 1.06 mol), acetonitrile (1.65 L) and water (825 mL) to whichN-hydroxyphthalimide (17.4 g, 0.103 mol) and NaClO₂ (41.0 g, 0.45 mol,˜20% of total amount to be added) were added. The reaction mixture washeated to 50° C. and the remaining NaClO₂ (163.0 g, 1.80 mol) was addedin five portions over 2 h. After consumption of starting material, thetemperature was adjusted to 20° C. and aqueous sodium bisulfite (40%w/w, 350 mL) was added via an addition funnel. Ethyl acetate (1.75 L)was added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was backextracted with EtOAc (ethyl acetate) (500 mL). The organic layers werecombined and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (500 mL) and 1:1water/brine (500 mL). The organic layer was concentrated under reducedpressure and co-evaporated with IPAc (isopropyl acetate) (300 mL). Thecrude solid was crystallized from a mixture of IPAc/heptane. Theresultant solids were collected by filtration, washed with heptane, anddried to provide the title compound. MS (m/z) 289.0 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of2-(5-oxo-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (5)

To a solution of ethyl2-(5-oxo-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(80.40 g, 278.95 mmol) in 2-MeTHF (2-methyltetrahydrofuran) (167 mL) wasadded 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide (167 mL). After 25 minutes of stirringat room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with 2-MeTHF andwas slowly acidified by the dropwise addition of concentrated HCl. Theorganic layer was isolated and the aqueous layer was extracted with anadditional portion of 2-MeTHF. The combined organic layers were washedwith saturated aqueous sodium chloride, then dried over sodium sulfate,filtered, and concentrated. The resulting oil was taken in ethylacetate. Hexanes was added with vigorous stirring until solid formationwas observed. The solid was isolated by filtration and dried to providethe title compound. MS (m/z) 259.00 [M−H]⁻.

Synthesis of2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazole-5,2′-[1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)aceticacid (6)

To a solution of2-(5-oxo-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (3.0 g, 11.5 mmol) in DCM (dichloromethane) (25 mL) was added1,2-ethanedithiol (1.07 mL, 12.68 mmol) followed by borontrifluoride-acetic acid complex (4.0 mL, 28.8 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. To the reactionmixture was added water (60 mL) and 2-MeTHF (60 mL). The organic layerwas isolated, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Thecrude was dissolved in ethyl acetate (2 mL) and the solution dilutedwith hexanes (12 mL) with vigorous stirring to provide a solid. Thesolid was isolated by filtration and dried to provide the titlecompound. MS (m/z) 337.12 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of2-(5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (7)

To a suspension of 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (12.75 g, 44.6mmol) in DCM (35 mL) was added pyridine hydrofluoride (5.0 mL) at 0° C.The suspension was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes. To the suspensionwas added a solution of2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazole-5,2′-[1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)aceticacid (5.00 g, 14.9 mmol) dropwise. After addition was complete, thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for an additional 15 minutes. Thereaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonatesolution (300 mL) with vigorous stirring. The organic layer was removedand the aqueous layer was acidified to pH ˜1 with concentrated HCl. Theaqueous phase was extracted with three portions of MTBE (methyltert-butyl ether). The combined organic layers were dried over sodiumsulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The resulting solid was taken inMTBE (16 mL) and filtered to remove any resulting solid. The solutionwas then extracted with 2N NaOH (16 mL). The aqueous layer was dilutedwith water (16 mL) with vigorous stirred and stirred at room temperaturefor 15 minutes. The resulting solid was removed by filtration. Theaqueous layer was acidified by slow, dropwise addition of concentratedHCl to pH ˜1 with vigorous stirring to provide a solid precipitate. Thesolid was isolated by filtration to provide the title compound. MS (m/z)281.12 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of 2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (8a) and2-((3bR,4aS)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (8b)

2-(5,5-Difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid was separated to its constituent enantiomers, the title compounds,by chiral SFC under the following conditions: Instrument: Thar 350preparative SFC; Column: ChiralPak IC-10 u, 300×50 mmI.D; Mobile phase:35% Isopropanol (0.1% NH₃.H₂O) and CO₂; Flow rate: 200 mL/min; Columntemperature: 38° C.; UV detection: 220 nm; Sample preparation: Compoundwas dissolved in isopropanol to ˜45 mg/mL; Injection: 6.5 mL perinjection. Analytical SFC [mobile phase: A for C02 and B for Isopropanol(0.05% DEA); Gradient: B 20%; A; Flow rate: 2.35 mL/min; Column:Chiralpak IC-3, 150×4.6 mm, 3 um; Wavelength: 254 nm] 8a: t=3.39 min,8b: t=2.17 min. Compound 8a—¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 4.93 (s,2H), 2.52-2.43 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.15 (m, 1H).

Example 2 Preparation of Compound 12

Synthesis of 7-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazol-3-amine (10)

To 3-bromo-6-chloro-2-fluorobenzonitrile (13.9 g, 59.3 mmol) in EtOH(ethanol) (60 mL) was added hydrazine monohydrate (5.77 mL). Thereaction mixture was heated to 80° C. for 3 h. After cooling to ambienttemperature, EtOH (20 mL) was added to allow for stirring. The solidswere isolated by filtration, washed with cold EtOH, and dried to providethe title compound. MS (m/z) 247.9 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-amine (11)

A reactor was charged with 7-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazol-3-amine (397.2 g,1.6 mol) and Cs₂CO₃ (1052 g, 3.2 mol) then diluted with DMF(dimethylformamide) (4000 mL). To this was slowly added2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (463.2 g, 1.9 mol) viaaddition funnel. Upon completion of the addition, the reaction mixturewas allowed to stir for 1 hour, at which time, H₂O (16 L) was addedslowly. Upon completion of the addition, the mixture was allowed to stirfor 12 hours at 15° C. The slurry was filtered and the collected solidswere suspended in DMF (800 mL). To this was added H₂O (4800 mL) and theresulting solids were collected by filtration and dried to provide thetitle compound. MS (m/z) 330.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of4-chloro-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-amine(12)

A reaction vessel was charged with7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-amine (15.00 g,45.66 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (17.39 g, 68.49 mmol), potassiumpropionate (15.36 g, 136.98 mmol), dioxane (90 mL) and DMF(dimethylformamide) (30 mL). Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)dichloride (0.64 g, 0.91 mmol) was added and the reaction solutiondegassed by bubbling argon for 2 min. The reaction mixture was heated to105° C. for 4 hrs. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reactionmixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and silica gel washing withEtOAc. The filtrate was washed with 5% LiCl solution and brine. Theorganic layers were separated, dried, and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was treated with IPAc/heptane (1/10) at 60° C.then cooled to ambient temperature and stirred for 15 h. The solids werecollected by filtration and dried to afford the title compound. MS (m/z)376.7 [M+H]⁺ 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.69 (d, 1H), 7.06 (d, 1H),5.55 (s, 2H), 5.45 (q, 2H), 1.32 (s, 12H).

Example 3 Preparation of Compound 14

Synthesis of 3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yne (14)

To a stirred suspension of sodium methanesulfinate (18.47 g, 175.5 mmol)and copper(I) chloride (1.45 g, 14.6 mmol) in DMF (dimethylformamide)(50 mL) was added 3-chloro-3-methylbut-1-yne (15.00 g, 146.3 mmol, 16.4mL) dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 40° C. andstirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperatureand diluted with EtOAc. The solution was washed with water and brine.The organic layer was collected and dried over sodium sulfate, thenfiltered. The solution was concentrated under vacuum and purified bysilica gel chromatography to provide the title compound. Mp:114.8-115.5° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s,1H), 1.67 (s, 6H).

Example 4 Preparation of Compound 19

Synthesis of(S)—N-((3,6-dibromopyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(16)

3,6-Dibromopicolinaldehyde (76.0 g, 0.287 mol) and(S)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (36.51 g, 0.301 mol) were combined inNMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) (200 mL). To the reaction mixture was addedCs₂CO₃ (41.94 g, 0.316 mol) as a solid in one portion. The reactionmixture was stirred 2 h then cooled to 5° C. Water (1.3 L) was added tothe reaction mixture. The resulting suspension was stirred for 1 h,solids isolated by filtration, washed with water (5×100 mL) and dried toprovide the title compound. MS (m/z) 368.9 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of(S)—N—((S)-1-(3,6-dibromopyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(17)

A reaction vessel was charged with(S)—N-((3,6-dibromopyridin-2-yl)methylene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(65.5 g, 177.95 mmol) followed by DMF (dimethylformamide) (260 mL). Themixture was stirred for 5 min until homogeneous and the solution wascooled to 8° C. To the reaction mixture was added(3,5-difluorobenzyl)zinc bromide (0.5 M in THF (tetrahydrofuran), 516.04mL) dropwise over 90 mins. The mixture was stirred for an additional 2.5h. To the reaction mixture, 5% AcOH (acetic acid) in water (640 mL) wasadded over 10 mins followed by CPME (cyclopentyl methyl ether) (320 mL)in one portion. The mixture was stirred for 5 mins, warmed to roomtemperature, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washedwith 5% AcOH (320 mL) then treated with 0.5M NaOH (330 mL) and washedwith brine. The organic layer was collected, dried with Na₂SO₄, andfiltered. To the crude mixture was added MeOH (methanol) (33 mL). To thestirring mixture was added dropwise 3M HCl in CPME (128 mL) over 15mins. After stirring for 1 h, the precipitate was removed by filtration.The filtrate was diluted with hexane (300 mL) and the product wasextracted with water (450 mL). The aqueous layer was basified with 8MNaOH and extracted with CPME (375 mL). The organic layer was washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered to provide the title compound insolution which was used directly in the next reaction. MS (m/z) 497.0[M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of(S)-1-(3,6-dibromopyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethan-1-amine (18)

The resulting solution of(S)—N—((S)-1-(3,6-dibromopyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamidewas diluted with CPME to a volume of 700 mL to which acetonitrile (350mL) was added. To the stirring mixture, concentrated HCl (37%, 16.4 mL)was added dropwise over 10 mins at room temperature. The thick slurrywas vigorously stirred for 4 h. The solids were filtered and washed with2:1 CPME (cyclopropyl methyl ether):ACN to provide the title compound.MS (m/z) 393.3 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3,6-dibromopyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(19)

A reaction vessel was charged with 2-MeTHF (190 mL), water (190 mL) and(S)-1-(3,6-dibromopyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethan-1-amine(46.9 g, 0.11 mol) followed by portionwise addition of NaHCO₃ (30.34 g,0.36 mol). The reaction mixture was cooled to 5° C. and di-tert-butyldicarbonate (27.47 g, 0.13 mol) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 2 h and ambient temperature for 2 h. The reactionmixture was diluted with water and extracted with MTBE (methyltert-butyl ether). The organic layers were washed with brine, dried andconcentrated. Crude compound was purified by column chromatography onsilica to provide the title compound. MS (m/z) 492.8 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 6.90-6.72 (m, 3H), 5.33(dd, 1H), 3.10 (dd, 1H), 2.92 (dd, 1H), 1.36 (s, 9H).

Example 5 Preparation of Formula (Ib) (Compound 24)

Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3-bromo-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(20)

A reactor was charged with tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3,6-dibromopyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(50.00 g, 101.8 mmol), 3-methyl-3-methylsulfonyl-but-1-yne (17.86 g,122.2 mmol), DMF (dimethylformamide) (90 mL) and Et₃N (trimethylamine)(42.5 mL, 305.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 50° C.Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (2.14 g, 3.1 mmol) andcopper(I) iodide (0.58 g, 3.1 mmol) were added. After 30 min, thereaction mixture was diluted with MeCN (acetonitrile) (200 mL) and then7% aq. NH₄Cl (200 mL) was added dropwise. A slurry was formed andadjusted to ambient temperature. After 3 h, the solids were collected byfiltration. The cake was washed with MeCN/water (1:1, 75 mL) twice andMTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) (75 mL). The solid was dried to providethe title compound. MS (m/z) 556 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d)δ 7.84 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.70-6.55 (m, 2H), 5.79 (d,J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 5.57-5.45 (m, 1H), 3.21-3.05 (m, 4H), 2.99-2.88 (m, 1H),1.80 (s, 6H), 1.40* (s, 7H), 1.30* (s, 2H). *denotes presence ofatropisomers in 4.6:1 ratio.

Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3-(3-amino-4-chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(21)

tert-Butyl(S)-(1-(3-bromo-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(1000.0 mg, 1.79 mmol),4-chloro-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-amine(808.5 mg, 2.15 mmol),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (65.6 mg,0.09 mmol), and cesium carbonate (876.7 mg, 2.69 mmol) were charged in around bottom flask and placed under argon. Dioxane (10 mL) and water (2mL) were added, and the suspension was degassed by bubbling argon for 60seconds. After degassing, the reaction flask was fitted with a refluxcondenser and heated to 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture wascooled to room temperature, and the aqueous layer was removed. Theorganic layer was concentrated under vacuum, and the resulting residuewas purified by silica gel column chromatography to provide the titlecompound. MS (m/z) 726.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ7.69-7.55 (m), 7.55-7.42 (m), 7.16-7.06 (m), 7.07-6.96 (m), 6.89 (d),6.60 (tt), 6.44 (dd), 6.20 (d), 6.16 (d), 6.08 (s), 5.69-5.53 (m), 5.29(s), 5.26 (d), 4.95-4.85 (m), 4.64 (q), 4.59-4.46 (m), 4.36-4.19 (m),3.94-3.76 (m), 3.64-3.54 (m), 3.18 (s), 3.17 (s), 3.01-2.84 (m),2.78-2.68 (m), 1.86-1.82 (m), 1.38 (s), 1.34 (s), 1.26 (s), 1.23 (s),1.15 (s).

Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(methylsulfonyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(22)

tert-Butyl(S)-(1-(3-(3-amino-4-chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(37.89 g, 52.18 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (380 mL) withstirring at ambient temperature. To it was added triethylamine (21.82mL, 156.54 mmol) followed by slow addition of methanesulfonyl chloride(8.08 mL, 104.36 mmol). When the reaction was complete, water (200 mL)was added and stirred for 0.5 hours. The organic layer was separated andthe aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride once. Thecombined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried overMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to a small volume. Hexanes was added.The liquid suspension was decanted. The remaining solid was dried underreduced pressure to afford the title compound. MS (m/z): 882.69 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.87 (d), 7.83 (d), 7.76 (s), 7.74 (s),7.69 (s), 7.67 (s), 7.65 (s), 7.52-7.47 (m), 7.46 (s), 7.37 (d), 7.33(d), 7.11-7.03 (m), 4.79-4.55 (m), 4.51 (t), 4.36 (dt), 4.20-4.05 (m),3.64 (s), 3.62 (s), 3.60 (s), 3.59 (s), 3.23 (s), 3.04 (d), 3.01 (d),2.95-2.83 (m), 1.81 (s), 1.34 (s), 1.29 (s), 0.98 (s).

Synthesis of(S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-4-chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide(23)

To tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(methylsulfonyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(39 g, 44 mmol) dissolved in methylene chloride (120 mL) was addedtrifluoroacetic acid (80 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred atambient temperature for 50 minutes. The reaction mixture was dilutedwith methylene chloride and slowly poured into ice cold saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer was separated, washed with water andbrine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to dryness to affordthe title compound. MS (m/z): 782.84 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,Chloroform-d) δ 7.61 (d), 7.54-7.44 (m), 7.40 (d), 7.33 (d), 7.20 (d),6.66-6.57 (m), 6.44 (d), 6.33 (d), 6.17 (d), 4.64 (s), 3.68 (s), 3.64(s), 3.61 (s), 3.55 (s), 3.19 (s), 3.05 (dd), 2.85-2.72 (m), 1.86 (s),1.62 (s).

Synthesis ofN—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide(24)

(S)—N-(7-(2-(1-Amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-4-chloro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide(1757 mg, 2.25 mmol),2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (666 mg, 2.36 mmol), and HATU(1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium3-oxid hexafluorophosphate) (854 mg, 2.25 mmol) were charged in a roundbottom flask and dissolved in DMF (dimethylformamide) (10.0 mL). To thesolution was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.80 mL, 4.49 mmol) at arapid dropwise rate. After addition was complete, the reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes to provide theintermediate 23b which was not isolated (MS (m/z) 1046.65 [M+H]⁺). Tothe solution was added 2N aq. sodium hydroxide solution (5.0 mL). Themixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The organiclayer was collected and washed with two portions of 5% lithium chloridesolution followed by brine. The organic layer was isolated, dried oversodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The resultingresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to yield thetitle compound as an amorphous solid. MS (m/z) 968.24 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ 7.87-7.57 (m), 7.33-7.09 (m), 6.80-6.70 (m),6.54 (d), 6.47 (d), 6.37-6.19 (m), 5.02-4.94 (m), 4.90-4.70 (m),4.70-4.51 (m), 3.94 (dq), 3.32-3.28 (m), 3.23 (d), 3.07 (dd, J=13.1, 7.6Hz), 2.93 (dd), 2.68-2.35 (m), 1.81 (s), 1.41 (q), 1.12-1.00 (m). ¹⁹FNMR (377 MHz, Methanol-d₄) δ−63.65, −71.78 (t), −72.35 (t), −82.75 (dd),−105.70 (ddd), −111.73-−113.10 (m).

To more fully characterize 23b, that compound was isolated. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.20 (d), 8.99 (d), 7.96 (d), 7.83 (d), 7.80 (d), 7.76(d), 7.45 (d), 7.41 (d), 7.31 (d), 7.02 (tt), 6.92 (m), 6.91 (d), 6.48(m), 4.92 (m) 4.88 (d), 4.79 (d), 4.73 (d), 4.71 (m), 4.69 (m), 4.62(m), 4.60 (m), 4.38 (dq), 4.12 (dq), 3.68 (s), 3.66 (s), 3.63 (s), 3.58(s), 3.26 (s), 3.12 (dd), 3.05 (dd), 2.97 (dd), 2.78 (dd), 2.59 (m),2.53 (m), 1.75 (s), 1.39 (m), 0.98 (m).

Preparation of2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (32) Example 6 Preparation Compound 32

Synthesis of lithium2,2-difluoro-1-(3-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ylidene)ethan-1-olate (25)

The title compound was prepared according to the method presented forthe synthesis of compound 2 utilizing ethyl 2,2-difluoroacetate. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.17 (t, J=53.6 Hz, 1H), 2.78-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.39(m, 1H), 2.25-2.24 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.14 (m, 1H),0.31-0.27 (m, 1H).

Synthesis of sodium2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(26)

Me-THF (1.32 L) was added in to 4 L reactor followed by lithium2,2-difluoro-1-(3-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ylidene)ethan-1-olate (247 g,1.32 mol). HCl (4N in dioxane) (0.685 L, 2.74 mol) was slowly added tothe mixture maintaining an internal temperature around 20° C. Followingaddition of ethyl hydrazinoacetate hydrochloride (212.05 g, 1.372 mol),the resulting mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 4 hours. The reactionmixture was heated to 50° C. for overnight. 10N aqueous NaOH (0.548 L,5.48 mol) was slowly added to the reaction mixture and the internaltemperature was maintained at 20° C. After addition, 300 ml MeTHF wasadded, and the resultant suspension was stirred at 20° C. for 3 hours.The suspension was drained and filtered. The filter cake was washed withhexane (1 L) and dried in vacuum oven at 56° C. to obtain the titlecompound which was used directly in the next step. MS (m/z) 229.1[M-Na+H]⁺.

Synthesis of ethyl2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(27)

Ethyl2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetatefrom the previous step was charged in 4 L reactor and followed by theaddition of EtOH (3.5 L) and concentrated H₂SO₄ (152 ml. 2.74 mol). Theresulting mixture was stirred under reflux for 2 hours. EtOH was reducedunder vacuo to 150 ml. H₂O (500 ml) was added slowly. Solids werecollected and washed with H₂O and NaHCO₃, and followed by hexane (500ml). Solid was dried under oven at 45° C. to obtain the title compound.MS (m/z) 257.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of ethyl2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5-oxo-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(28)

The title compound was prepared according to the method presented forthe synthesis of compound 4 utilizing ethyl2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate.MS (m/z) 271.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of ethyl2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazole-5,2′-[1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)acetate (29)

To ethyl2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5-oxo-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(148.5 g, 0.55 mol) in DCM (2.0 L) was added ethane-1,2-dithiol (88.0 g,0.94 mol) in one portion followed by BF3.2AcOH (175.8 g, 0.94 mol). Thereaction was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The system was cooledto 0° C. and quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (1000 ml). Theorganic layer was separated, washed with brine (500 ml) and dried overNa₂SO₄. Solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography to provide the title compound. MS(m/z): 347.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of ethyl2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(30)

A solution of DBDMH (99 g, 0.35 mol) in DCM (120 mL) was cooled to −8°C. in a teflon bottle. HF/Py (120 mL) was added drop-wise over a periodof 30 min. The reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min. A solution ofethyl2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazole-5,2′-[1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)acetate(40 g, 0.12 mol) in DCM (80 mL) was added drop-wise over a period of 15min at −78° C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min then slowlywarm to −30° C. and stirred for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was slowlypoured into aq. NaHCO₃ (500 mL) and extracted with EA (500 mL×3). Thecombined organic layer was washed with 10% aq. Na₂S₂O₃ (500 mL), brine(500 mL) and dried over Na₂SO₄. Solvents were removed in vacuo to affordthe crude product, which was further purified by column chromatographyto provide the title compound. MS (m/z): 293.2 [M+H]⁺.

Separation of ethyl2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(31a) and ethyl2-((3bR,4aS)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(31b)

Ethyl2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetatewas separated to its constituent enantiomers, the title compounds, bychiral HPLC under the following conditions: Column: ChiralPak AD; Mobilephase: Hex/3C EtOH=95/5; Room temperature; UV detection: 250 nm.Analytical HPLC [mobile phase: Hex/3C EtOH=95/5; Flow rate: 0.75 mL/min;Column: Chiralpak AD-H, 150×4.6 mm, 5 um; Wavelength: 220 nm] 31a:t=5.30 min, 31b: t=7.00 min.

Compound 31a—¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 6.63 (t, J=54.8 Hz, 1H),4.83 (s, 2H), 4.24 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.48-2.45 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.36 (m,1H), 1.28 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.13-1.12 (m, 1H).

Synthesis of 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (32)

To a solution of ethyl2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate(26 g, 89.0 mmol) in THF (180 mL), MeOH (90 mL) and water (90 mL) wasadded LiOH (5.13 g, 213.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 4 h. Themixture was concentrated to remove most of THF and MeOH, the aqueous wasacidified by 1N HCl to adjust pH to 2-3, then extracted with EA (600mL×2). The organic phase was separated and combined, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuum to provide the title compound. MS(m/z) 265.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 7 Preparation of Compound 34

Synthesis of 7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-amine(33)

To a 2000-mL 4-necked round-bottom flask was placed7-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indazol-3-amine (130 g, 527.40 mmol, 1.00 equiv),N,N-dimethylformamide (1300 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (260 g, 797.99 mmol, 1.50 equiv)with stirring for 20 min, followed by the addition of1,1-difluoro-2-iodoethane (122 g, 635.59 mmol, 1.20 equiv). Theresulting mixture was stirred overnight at 65° C., then cooled to roomtemperature, quenched by the addition of 3 L of water/ice, extractedwith 3×1.5 L of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washedwith 1×1.5 L of H₂O, 1×1.5 L of brine, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, concentrated under vacuum, and recrystallized from ethanol toafford the title compound. MS (m/z) 312.1 [M+H]⁺.

Synthesis of4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazol-3-amine(34)

To a 3000-mL 4-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with aninert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed7-bromo-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-amine (80 g, 257.63mmol, 1.00 equiv), 1,4-dioxane (800 mL), N,N-dimethylformamide (800 mL),KOAc (76 g, 774.40 mmol, 3.00 equiv),4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(197 g, 775.78 mmol, 3.00 equiv) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (8 g, 11.40 mmol, 0.04equiv). The mixture was stirred for 4 h at 110° C., then cooled to roomtemperature, quenched by the addition of 5 L of water/ice, extractedwith 2×2 L of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with1×1 L of H₂O, 1×1 L of brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate andconcentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gelcolumn eluted with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:10) to afford thetitle compound. MS (m/z): 358 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR: (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz, ppm):δ7.63-7.66 (1H, d), 7.00-7.03 (1H, d), 6.06-6.43 (1H, t), 5.46 (2H, s),4.90-5.01 (2H, t), 1.34 (12H, s).

Example 8 Preparation of Formula (IIb) (Compound 38)

Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3-(3-amino-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(35)

tert-Butyl(S)-(1-(3-bromo-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(300 mg, 0.53 mmol),4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazol-3-amine(250 mg, 0.7 mmol),[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (14 mg,0.016 mmol), and potassium carbonate (186 mg, 1.35 mmol) were charged ina microwave tube and placed under argon. Dimethoxyethane (2.5 mL) andwater (0.3 mL) were added, and the reaction mixture was heated to 130°C. in a microwave reactor (Biotage® Initiator+) for 7 minutes. Thereaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and partitioned betweenEtOAc and 0.1 N HCl. The aqueous layer was removed and the organic layerwas concentrated under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified bysilica gel column chromatography to provide the title compound. MS (m/z)708.20 [M+H]⁺). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 7.91-7.50 (m), 7.28-6.89(m), 6.88-6.65 (m), 6.56 (dd), 6.46-6.17 (m), 6.08-5.60 (m), 4.76-4.47(m), 4.04-3.73 (m), 3.73-3.41 (m), 3.22 (s), 3.17-2.69 (m), 1.80 (s),1.29 (d), 0.98 (d).

Synthesis of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(36)

tert-Butyl(S)-(1-(3-(3-amino-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(700 mg, 0.99 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (24 mg, 0.2 mmol) weredissolved in pyridine (2 mL) with stirring at ambient temperature. To itwas added cyclopropane-1-sulfonyl chloride (222 μL, 2.2 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. until the reaction was complete.Water was added and stirred for 1 hour, and the resulting precipitatewas collected by vacuum filtration then dissolved in methylene chloride,dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified bysilica chromatography to afford the title compound. MS (m/z): 812.44[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 7.93-7.58 (m), 7.50-7.15 (m),7.00 (dd), 6.82-6.51 (m), 6.47-6.29 (m), 6.18-5.65 (m), 4.77-4.43 (m),4.31-4.08 (m), 3.99-3.63 (m), 3.22 (s), 3.18-2.71 (m), 1.80 (s), 1.28(s), 1.20-0.76 (m).

Synthesis of(S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanesulfonamide(37)

To a solution of tert-butyl(S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate(705 mg, 0.87 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 mL) was addedtrifluoroacetic acid (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hourthen slowly poured into a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. It wasextracted with EtOAc. Organic layer was separated, washed with brine,dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to afford the titlecompound. MS (m/z): 712.34 [M+H]+. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ7.93-7.58 (m), 7.50-7.15 (m), 7.00 (dd), 6.82-6.51 (m), 6.47-6.29 (m),6.18-5.65 (m), 4.77-4.43 (m), 4.31-4.08 (m), 3.99-3.63 (m), 3.22 (d),3.18-2.71 (m), 1.80 (d), 1.28 (s), 1.20-0.76 (m).

Synthesis ofN—((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(cyclopropanesulfonamido)-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-5,5-difluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide(38)

(S)—N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-6-(3-methyl-3-(methylsulfonyl)but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-4-chloro-1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)cyclopropanesulfonamide(514 mg, 0.72 mmol),2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)aceticacid (191 mg, 0.72 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (49 mg, 0.36 mmol) and1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (180 mg,0.94 mmol) were charged in a round bottom flask and dissolved in DMF (10mL). n-Methylmorpholine (0.20 mL, 1.8 mmol) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. Water wasadded and stirred for 1 hour. The resulting precipitate was collected byvacuum filtration then dissolved in methylene chloride, dried overMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC toyield the title compound as a TFA salt. MS (m/z) 958.88 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ 7.90-7.56 (m), 7.30-7.07 (m), 6.91-6.54 (m),6.54-6.39 (m), 6.37-6.21 (m), 6.16-5.70 (m), 4.85-4.57 (m), 4.34-4.12(m), 3.87-3.41 (m), 3.23 (s), 3.17-3.02 (m), 3.00-2.77 (m), 2.57-2.37(m), 1.81 (s), 1.50-0.84 (m).

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES Example A Test A: Antiviral Assay in MT4 Cells

For the antiviral assay, 0.4 μL of 189X test concentration of 3-foldserially diluted compound in DMSO was added to 40 μL of cell growthmedium (RPMI 1640, 10% FBS, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin, 1% L-Glutamine,1% HEPES) in each well of 384-well plate (10 concentrations) inquadruplicate.

1 mL Aliquots of MT4 cells were pre-infected for 3 hours at 37° C. with25 μL of cell growth medium (mock-infected) or a fresh 1:250 dilution ofan HIV-IIIb concentrated ABI stock (0.004 m.o.i.). Infected anduninfected cells were diluted in cell growth media and 35 μL (2000cells) was added to each well of the assay plates.

Assay plates were then maintained in a humidified, 5% CO₂ incubator at37° C. After 5 days of incubation, 25 μl of 2× concentratedCellTiter-Glo™ Reagent (catalog # G7573, Promega Biosciences, Inc.,Madison, Wis.) was added to each well of the assay plate. Cell lysis wascarried out by incubating at room temperature for 10 minutes and thenchemiluminescence was read using an Envision plate reader (PerkinElmer).EC₅₀ values were calculated as the compound concentration that caused a50% decrease in luminescence signal, a measure of HIV-1 replication.

Example B Test B: Cytotoxicity Assay

Compound cytotoxicity and the corresponding CC₅₀ values was determinedusing the same protocol as described in the antiviral assay (Test A)except that uninfected cells were used. The compound of the presentdisclosure demonstrates antiviral activity (Test A) as depicted in thetable below in comparison to Compound A and Compound B.

Compound EC₅₀ (nM) CC₅₀ (nM) Compound 24 0.185 30068 Compound 38 0.39955218 Compound A 1.715 21839 Compound B 2.991 14491

Example C Test C. Pharmacokinetic Analysis Following IntravenousAdministration to Sprague-Dawley Rats and Beagle Dogs and CynomologousMonkeys Test Article and Formulation

Compound 24 and 38 IV administration was formulated in 5% ethanol, 20%PG, 45% PEG 300, 30% pH 2 (0.01N HCl) water at 0.5 mg/mL. Compound A andCompound B intravenous infusion doses were formulated in a sterilesolution of 5% ethanol, 45% PEG 400 and 50% water (pH 2.0) at 0.5 mg/mL.All IV formulations were in solution.

Animals Used

Each rat IV dosing group consisted of 3 male SD rats. At dosing, theanimals generally weighed between 0.317 and 0.355 kg. The animals werefasted overnight prior to dose administration and up to 4 hr afterdosing. Each dog IV dosing group consisted of 3 male, naïve beagle dogs.At dosing, the animals weighed ˜10-12 kg. The animals were fastedovernight prior to dose administration and up to 2 hr after dosing.

Each cynomolgus (cyno) monkey IV dosing group consisted of 3 male, naïvecyno monkeys At dosing, the animals weighed ˜3.2-4 kg. The animals werefasted overnight prior to dose administration and up to 2 hr afterdosing.

Dosing

For the IV infusion group, the test compound was administered byintravenous infusion over 30 minutes. The rate of infusion was adjustedaccording to the body weight of each animal to deliver a dose of 1 mg/kgat 2 mL/kg.

Sample Collection

Serial venous blood samples (approximately 0.4 mL each for rat and 1.0mL for dog) were taken at specified time points after dosing from eachanimal. The blood samples were collected into Vacutainer™ tubes(Becton-Disckinson Corp, New Jersey, USA) containing EDTA as theanti-coagulant and were immediately placed on wet ice pendingcentrifugation for plasma. Centrifugation began within 1 hour ofcollection. All samples were placed into 96-well tubes and maintained ondry ice prior to storage at approximately −70° C.

Determination of the Concentrations of the Compound of Formula (I) inPlasma

An LC/MS/MS method was used to measure the concentration of testcompounds in plasma.

Calculations

Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on the plasmaconcentration-time data. A summary of pharmacokinetic parameters areshown in the tables below.

Rat Rat Rat Dog Dog Dog Cyno Cyno Cyno CL V_(ss) t_(1/2) CL V_(ss)t_(1/2) CL Vss t_(1/2) Compound (L/h/kg) (L/kg) (h) (L/h/kg) (L/kg) (h)(L/h/kg) (L/kg) (h) Compound 24 0.05 1.8 28 0.07 1.6 22 0.24 2.7 12Compound 38 0.08 1.8 19 0.33 1.77 7 0.21 2.1 9.5 Compound A 0.50 1.0 20.25 0.8 4 0.45 1.18 2.3 Compound B 0.43 1.4 3 0.28 1.3 6 0.42 1.59 3.4CL: observed clearance; Vss: volume of distribution at steady state;t_(1/2): terminal half-life

Rat Dog Cyno Rat AUC_(inf) Dog AUC_(inf) Cyno AUC_(inf) Compound C_(max)(μM · h) C_(max) (μM · h) C_(max) (μM · h) Compound 24 1.8 19 2.2 14.81.3 4.5 Compound 38 2.4 13 1.6 3.3 1.3 4.9 Compound A 1.4 2.7 2.1 5 1.82.6 Compound B 1.1 2.7 1.4 4.3 1.4 2.9 AUC_(inf): Area Under the Curvefrom t = 0 to infinity; C_(max:) Maximum plasma concentration

Example D Test D. Metabolic Stability in Cultured Human LiverHepatocytes

Radiolabelled test compounds, wherein tritium was introduced into thestructure in place of one or more hydrogens, were prepared according toknown methods in the art.

The radiolabelled compounds were incubated in pooled cryopreservedhepatocytes at a substrate concentration of 0.25 μM and radioactivityconcentration of 10 uCi/mL. The final hepatocyte concentration was 1million cells/mL. The hepatocyte/compound reaction mixture was dissolvedin InVitroGRO™ KHB buffer (catalog # Z99074, BioreclamationIVT, Inc.,Baltimore, Md.) at pH 7.4. The incubations were performed in duplicate.A cell free control and a positive control were included in theincubations. The incubations were carried out with gentle shaking in a37° C. incubator under a humid atmosphere of 95% air/5% CO₂ (v/v).Aliquots (100 mL) were removed after 0, 1, 3, and 6 hours and added to200 mL quenching solution that comprised 0.1% (v/v) TFA in 5% water/95%acetonitrile (v/v). The samples were placed on a shaker for 10 min,followed by centrifugation at 3000 g for 30 min. The samples of thesupernatant were analyzed on a Dionex HPLC/PerkinElmer FlowScintillation Analyzer as described below.

Liquid Chromatography-Radiochromatography

Quantification was done by comparison of radiolabeled metabolites andparent peaks measured on a Radiomatic 625TR Flow Scintillation Analyzercoupled to a Dionex/Chromeleon chromatography system. The column was aPhenomenex Synergi fusion RP (150×4.6 mm, 4 mm) maintained at 32 degreesCelsius. Mobile Phase A consisted of 0.1% (v/v) TFA in 99% water/l %acetonitrile (v/v). Mobile Phase B consisted of 0.1% (v/v) TFA in 5%water/95% acetonitrile (v/v). The flow rate was 1 mL/min using a sampleinjection volume of 100 mL. Gradient was as following: Mobile phase Bwas linearly increased from to 75% over 47 min, maintained at 75% for 3min, changed back to 2%, maintained at 2% for 10 min.

Metabolic stability was determined by measuring the change in relativeabundance of metabolites and parent over time and calculating from itthe rate of disappearance of the parent compound. The stability data wasutilized to calculate predicted human hepatic clearance values accordingto methods known in the art. The predicted human hepatic clearancevalues are shown in the table below.

Predicted Human Hepatic Clearance (L/hr/kg) Compound 24 0.01 Compound 380.02 Compound A 0.09 Compound B 0.04

The following can be deduced from the above comparative data:

Compound 24 is more potent in an HIV antiviral assay relative tocompounds A and B (about 9 and about 16 times more potent,respectively). Compound 24 has a longer in vivo terminal half-life inrat relative to compounds A and B (about 14 and about 9 times longer,respectively). Compound 24 has a lower in vivo clearance in rat relativeto compounds A and B (about 10 and about 8.6 times lower, respectively).Compound 24 has a longer in vivo terminal half-life in dog relative tocompounds A and B (about 5 and about 4 times longer, respectively).Compound 24 has a lower in vivo clearance in dog relative to compounds Aand B (about 3 and about 4 times lower, respectively). Compound 24 ismore stable in human hepatocytes with a lower predicted hepaticclearance relative to compounds A and B (about 9 and about 4 times morestable, respectively).

The above data demonstrate that compound 24, has improved antiviralpotency and an improved pharmacokinetic profile (which is demonstratedby longer half-life in rat and dog and lower predicted human clearance)when compared to compounds A and B.

Additionally, compound 38 is more potent in an HIV antiviral assayrelative to compounds A and B (about 4 and about 8 times more potent,respectively). Compound 38 has a longer in vivo terminal half-life inrat relative to compounds A and B (about 9.5 and about 6.3 times longer,respectively). Compound 38 has a lower in vivo clearance in rat relativeto compounds A and B (about 6.3 and about 5.4 times lower,respectively). Compound 38 has a similar in vivo clearance and terminalhalf-life in dog compared to compounds A and B. Compound 38 is morestable in human hepatocytes with a lower predicted hepatic clearancerelative to compounds A and B (about 4.5 and about 2 times more stable,respectively).

The above data demonstrate that compound 38, has improved antiviralpotency and an improved pharmacokinetic profile (which is demonstratedby longer half-life in rat and dog and lower predicted human clearance)when compared to compounds A and B.

The specific pharmacological responses observed may vary according toand depending on the particular active compound selected or whetherthere are present pharmaceutical carriers, as well as the type offormulation and mode of administration employed, and such expectedvariations or differences in the results are contemplated in accordancewith practice of the present disclosure.

The Examples disclosed herein describe the synthesis of compoundsdisclosed herein as well as intermediates used to prepare the compounds.It is to be understood that individual steps described herein may becombined. It is also to be understood that separate batches of acompound may be combined and then carried forth in the next syntheticstep.

Formulation Example

Compound 38 (about 30 mg/kg) was formulated as an aqueous suspension in2% poloxamer 338 in saline (about 150 mg/mL). This formulation was thenadministered as a single subcutaneous (SC) injection to rats and thepharmacokinetic (PK) profile was determined. As can be seen in FIG. 3,Compound 38 maintains plasma concentrations well above paEC95 for >10weeks from a single SC injection. This data demonstrates that Compound38 displays extended release pharmacokinetics.

A suspension of a compound of Formula Ib in 2% poloxamer 188 in saline(200 mg/mL) was prepared. The suspension was administered to dogssubcutaneously at a dose of 6 mg/kg and the pharmacokinetic (PK) profilewas determined. FIG. 4 shows a plot of the plasma concentration of thecompound of Formula Ib as a function of time. As the data shows in FIG.4, the compound of Formula Ib has measurable plasma concentrations atday 70 demonstrating extended release pharmacokinetics.

A suspension of a compound of Formula Ib in 2% poloxamer 188 in saline(100 mg/mL) was prepared. The suspension was administered to dogssubcutaneously at a dose of 6 mg/kg and the pharmacokinetic (PK) profilewas determined. FIG. 5 shows a plot of the plasma concentration of thecompound of Formula Ib as a function of time. As the data shows in FIG.5, the compound of Formula Ib has measurable plasma concentrations atday 70 demonstrating extended release pharmacokinetics.

A suspension of the sodium salt of a compound of Formula Ib in 2%poloxamer 188 in saline (200 mg/mL) was prepared. The suspension wasadministered to dogs subcutaneously at a dose of 6 mg/kg and thepharmacokinetic (PK) profile was determined. FIG. 6 shows a plot of theplasma concentration of the compound of Formula Ib as a function oftime. As FIG. 6 shows, the compound of Formula Ib has measurable plasmaconcentrations at day 70 demonstrating extended releasepharmacokinetics.

A solution of a compound of Formula Ib in NMP (100 mg/mL) was prepared.The solution was administered to dogs subcutaneously at a dose of 6mg/kg and the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile was determined. FIG. 7 showsa plot of the plasma concentration of the compound of Formula Ib as afunction of time. As the data shows in FIG. 7, the compound of FormulaIb has measurable plasma concentrations at day 70 demonstrating extendedrelease pharmacokinetics.

A solution of a compound of Formula Ib in NMP (200 mg/ml) was prepared.The solution was administered to dogs subcutaneously at a dose of 6mg/kg and the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile was determined. FIG. 8 showsa plot of the plasma concentration of the compound of Formula Ib as afunction of time. As the data shows in FIG. 8, the compound of FormulaIb has measurable plasma concentrations at day 70 demonstrating extendedrelease pharmacokinetics.

A solution of the sodium salt of a compound of Formula Ib in NMP (200mg/ml) was prepared. The solution was administered to dogssubcutaneously at a dose of 6 mg/kg and the pharmacokinetic (PK) profilewas determined. FIG. 9 shows a plot of the plasma concentration of thecompound of Formula Ib as a function of time. As the data shows in FIG.9, the compound of Formula Ib has measurable plasma concentrations atday 70 demonstrating extended release pharmacokinetics.

A solution formulation of a compound of Formula Ib in 10% ethanol, 12%water, and 78% PEG 200 (200 mg/ml) was prepared. The solution wasadministered to dogs subcutaneously at a dose of 6 mg/kg and thepharmacokinetic (PK) profile was determined. FIG. 10 shows a plot of theplasma concentration of the compound of Formula Ib as a function oftime. As the data shows in FIG. 10, the compound of Formula Ib hasmeasurable plasma concentrations at day 28 demonstrating extendedrelease pharmacokinetics.

A solution formulation containing 200 mg/mL of Formula Ib with 1.2 molarequivalent NaOH to form in situ sodium salt in 10% ethanol, 12% water,and 77% PEG are provided. Subjects were orally dosed with thisformulation at 6 mg/kg. A solution of the compound of Formula Ib in 10%ethanol, 12% water, and 7% PEG 200 (200 mg/ml) with 1.2 molar equivalentNaOH was prepared to form in situ sodium salt. The solution wasadministered to dogs subcutaneously at a dose of 6 mg/kg and thepharmacokinetic (PK) profile was determined. FIG. 11 shows a plot of theplasma concentration of the compound of Formula Ib as a function oftime. As the data shows in FIG. 11, the compound of Formula Ib hasmeasurable plasma concentrations at day 28 demonstrating extendedrelease pharmacokinetics.

A solution formulation of the compound of Formula Ib in 10% ethanol, 13%water, and 77% glycofurol (200 mg/mL) with 1.2 molar equivalent NaOH wasprepared to form in situ sodium salt. The solution was administered todogs subcutaneously at a dose of 6 mg/kg and the pharmacokinetic (PK)profile was determined. FIG. 12 shows a plot of the plasma concentrationof the compound of Formula Ib as a function of time. As the data showsin FIG. 12, the compound of Formula Ib has measurable plasmaconcentrations at day 28 demonstrating extended releasepharmacokinetics.

Oral Formulation Example

An oral formulation containing a compound of Formula Ib in 10% ethanol,20% Vitamin E TPGS, and 70% MIGLYOL 812 was prepared in hard gelatincapsules was prepared. Dogs were orally given a fixed 7.5 mg dose of thecompound of Formula Ib and the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile wasdetermined. FIG. 13 shows the change in plasma concentration over timefor the compound of Formula Ib.

All references, including publications, patents, and patent documentsare incorporated by reference herein, as though individuallyincorporated by reference. The present disclosure provides reference tovarious embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understoodthat many variations and modifications may be made while remainingwithin the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

1. A method of treating or preventing a human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection comprising administering a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of Formula (Ia):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a subject in needthereof.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound ofFormula (Ib):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 3.-9. (canceled)
 10. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the method comprises administering thecompound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combinationwith one, two, three, or four additional therapeutic agents.
 11. Themethod of claim 10, wherein the additional therapeutic agents areselected from the group consisting of combination drugs for HIV, otherdrugs for treating HIV, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside ornon-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside ornucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integraseinhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (or allosteric) integrase inhibitors,HIV entry inhibitors, HIV maturation inhibitors, latency reversingagents, compounds that target the HIV capsid, immune-based therapies,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, HIV antibodies,bispecific antibodies and “antibody-like” therapeutic proteins, HIV p17matrix protein inhibitors, IL-13 antagonists, peptidyl-prolyl cis-transisomerase A modulators, protein disulfide isomerase inhibitors,complement C5a receptor antagonists, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor,HIV vif gene modulators, Vif dimerization antagonists, HIV-1 viralinfectivity factor inhibitors, TAT protein inhibitors, HIV-1 Nefmodulators, Hck tyrosine kinase modulators, mixed lineage kinase-3(MLK-3) inhibitors, HIV-1 splicing inhibitors, Rev protein inhibitors,integrin antagonists, nucleoprotein inhibitors, splicing factormodulators, COMM domain containing protein 1 modulators, HIVribonuclease H inhibitors, retrocyclin modulators, CDK-9 inhibitors,dendritic ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin 1 inhibitors, HIV GAG proteininhibitors, HIV POL protein inhibitors, Complement Factor H modulators,ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, deoxycytidine kinase inhibitors, cyclindependent kinase inhibitors, proprotein convertase PC9 stimulators, ATPdependent RNA helicase DDX3X inhibitors, reverse transcriptase primingcomplex inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, pharmacokineticenhancers, HIV gene therapy, and HIV vaccines, or any combinationsthereof.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the additional therapeuticagents are selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitingcompounds, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIVnon-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleosideinhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, capsid polymerizationinhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, and other drugs for treating HIV,or any combinations thereof.
 13. The method of claim 10, wherein theadditional therapeutic agents are selected from the group consisting ofabacavir sulfate, tenofovir, tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir disoproxilfumarate, tenofovir disoproxil hemifumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, andtenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate.
 14. The method of claim 10, whereinthe additional therapeutic agents are selected from the group consistingof tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and tenofoviralafenamide hemifumarate. 15.-29. (canceled)
 30. The method of claim 10,wherein the method comprises administering the compound, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine, bictegravir, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 31. (canceled)
 32. A method oftreating or preventing a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectioncomprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of Formula (IIa):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a subject in needthereof.
 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the compound is a compoundof Formula (IIb):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 34.-40. (canceled) 41.The method of claim 32, wherein the method comprises administering thecompound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combinationwith one, two, three, or four additional therapeutic agents.
 42. Themethod of claim 41, wherein the additional therapeutic agents areselected from the group consisting of combination drugs for HIV, otherdrugs for treating HIV, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside ornon-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside ornucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integraseinhibitors, HIV non-catalytic site (or allosteric) integrase inhibitors,HIV entry inhibitors, HIV maturation inhibitors, latency reversingagents, compounds that target the HIV capsid, immune-based therapies,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, HIV antibodies,bispecific antibodies and “antibody-like” therapeutic proteins, HIV p17matrix protein inhibitors, IL-13 antagonists, peptidyl-prolyl cis-transisomerase A modulators, protein disulfide isomerase inhibitors,complement C5a receptor antagonists, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor,HIV vif gene modulators, Vif dimerization antagonists, HIV-1 viralinfectivity factor inhibitors, TAT protein inhibitors, HIV-1 Nefmodulators, Hck tyrosine kinase modulators, mixed lineage kinase-3(MLK-3) inhibitors, HIV-1 splicing inhibitors, Rev protein inhibitors,integrin antagonists, nucleoprotein inhibitors, splicing factormodulators, COMM domain containing protein 1 modulators, HIVribonuclease H inhibitors, retrocyclin modulators, CDK-9 inhibitors,dendritic ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin 1 inhibitors, HIV GAG proteininhibitors, HIV POL protein inhibitors, Complement Factor H modulators,ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, deoxycytidine kinase inhibitors, cyclindependent kinase inhibitors, proprotein convertase PC9 stimulators, ATPdependent RNA helicase DDX3X inhibitors, reverse transcriptase primingcomplex inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, pharmacokineticenhancers, HIV gene therapy, and HIV vaccines, or any combinationsthereof.
 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the additional therapeuticagents are selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitingcompounds, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIVnon-nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleosideinhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors ofreverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, capsid polymerizationinhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, and other drugs for treating HIV,or any combinations thereof.
 44. The method of claim 41, wherein theadditional therapeutic agents are selected from the group consisting of4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine, bictegravir or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, abacavir sulfate, tenofovir, tenofovirdisoproxil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir disoproxilhemifumarate, tenofovir alafenamide, and tenofovir alafenamidehemifumarate.
 45. The method of claim 41, wherein the additionaltherapeutic agents are selected from the group consisting of4′-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine, bictegravir or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir alafenamidefumarate and tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate. 46.-88. (canceled)